Chapter 2&3 Flashcards
The structures included in the upper airway
Nose, pharynx, larynx
The structures involved in the lower airway
trachea, bronchi, lungs
Exchange of gas between an organism and its environment
respiration
Bringing oxygen to the body’s cells by breathing in
Inspiration
Eliminating carbon dioxide from the body’s cells by breathing out
Expiration
the three structures of respiration
1.bony thorax
2.visceral thorax
3.muscles of respiration
what structures are involved in the bony thorax
1.vertebrae and column
2.rib cage
3.pectoral girdle
4.sternum
5.pelvic girdle
the vertebral column is composed of ______ segments of the bone
33
What are the five divisions of the vertebral column?
7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumber vertebrae
5 sacral vertebrae compose sacrum
4 fused vertebrae compose coccyx
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
How many sacral vertebrae are there?
5
How many coccyx vertebrae are there?
1
The bony projection off the right and left vertebrae. It provides attachment for muscle/ligament
transverse processes
How many pairs of peripheral nerves are there?
31 pairs
How many pairs of floating ribs do we have?
2
How many pairs of false ribs do we have?
3
How many pairs of true ribs do we have?
7
What serves as the focal point of the front of the rib cage?
sternum
what serves as the focal point of the back of the rib cage?
thoracic vertebral
The framework that united the right and the left of body. Consists of the scapula and clavicle
Pectoral gridle
Known as a neck muscle
Scalenus
connects the sternum to the shoulder
calvicle
connection between the clavicle and humerus
scapula
upper arms
humerus
scalenus muscles include:
scalenus anterior
Medius scalene
posterior scalene
The scalenus include three pairs of muscles in the _____ area of the neck
lateral
emerges from the spinal column via intervertebral foramen
spinal nerve
pelvic gridle includes the
the sacrum, the coccyx, the ischium, the ilium, and the pubis.
soft organs of the internal thorax
Visceral thorax
composed of vascular, elastic tissue
lungs
the right lungs consists of ____ lobes
three lobes
superior, middle, and inferior
the left lung consists of _____ lobes
two lobes
superior & inferior
Need room for the heart!
the order from trachea to alveoli
bronchus
secondary bronchus
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli
order from the trachea to the bronchial tree
trachea
bronchus
bronchial tree
alveoli
tiny air sacs at the end of bronchioles with lungs which allow for rapid exchange of gas
alveolus
the blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide during the process of breathing in and breathing out
alveolus
gas exchange
alveoli
positive, air out
pressure increase
negative, air in
pressure decrease
space, inverse relationship to pressure
volume
during inhalation the diaphragm ______ or moves____
contracts; down
during exhalation the diaphragm ______ or moves____
relaxes; up
the muscles of inspiration ______ the ribs and sternum
elevate
the muscles of expiration ______ the ribs and sternum
depress
internal intercostal origin
superior margin of rib1-11
internal intercostal insert
up and in the inferior surface of the rib above
internal intercostal function
depress rib 1-11
accessory muscles of inspiration
neck muscles
sternocleidomastoid muscle &scalenes muscle of the neck
muscles from rib 8 or 9 to scapula
serratus
muscles on each side of the neck to raise the first and second ribs in respiration and assist in bending the neck to one side
scalenus
volume of air remaining in body after a passive exhalation
functional residal
combination of inspiratory reseve voulume, expiratory reseve, and tidal volume
vital
voulme reamining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
residual
volume of air we breathe during respiratoy cycle
tidal
voulme that can be inhaled after a tidal inspiration
inspiratory
VOLUME THAT CAN BE EXHALED after a tidal expiration
expiratory
contraction of the diaghpam increase the ____ dimesnison of the thorax
verical
lateral aspect of the thoarx is made up of the
rib cage
expiratory muscle is used for quiet respiration
false
