chapter 3

Question 0

The short bushy fibers that branch out from the cell body; they constitute the major signal-receiving area of the neuron

Answer 0

Dendrite

Question 1

The single long fiber that extends from a neuron’s cell body; its function is to conduct neural signals from the cell body to other parts of the nervous system

Answer 1

Axon

Question 2

The button-like terminal endings of the axon branches

Answer 2

Buttons

Question 3

Membrane sacs that store neurotransmitter molecules ready for release near the presynaptic membrane; manufactured by the Golgi apparatus

Answer 3

Synaptic vesicles

Question 4

Molecules in the neuron cell membrane to which neurotransmitter molecules bind in key-in-lock fashion and, in so doing, induce signals in the neuron

Answer 4

Receptors

Question 5

The gaps between adjacent glial segments on a myelinated axon

Answer 5

Nodes of Ranvier

Question 6

Glial cells that myelinate CNS axons

Answer 6

Oligodendrocytes

Question 7

Glial cells that myelinate PNS axons

Answer 7

Schwann cells

Question 8

Small glial cells; their function is phagocytosis

Answer 8

Microglia

Question 9

Large glial cells such as oligondendrocytes, Schwann cells, and astrocytes

Answer 9

Macroglia

Question 10

The middle menynx, it has the texture of a gauze-like spider web

Answer 10

Arachnoid membrane

Question 11

Large, star-shaped glial cells, whose many projections terminate on other ( ), blood vessels, and neurons

Answer 11

Astrocytes

Question 12

The central neural stem on which 2 cerebral hemispheres sit; many brain stem structure play key roles in regulation of body’s inner environment

Answer 12

Brain stem

Question 13

the 2 large neural structures that sit atop the vertebrate brain stem, one on the left and one on the right; they mediate complex psychological processes

Answer 13

Cerebral hemisphere

Question 14

The fluid that fills both the subarachnoid space and the hollow core of the brain and spinal cord; it supports, nourishes, and cushions the CNS

Answer 14

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

By far the largest cerebral comissure; it is composed of about 200 million axons

Answer 15

Corpus callosum

Question 16

The region of the brain between the telenchephalon and the mesencephalon; one of the 2 divisions of the forebrain; the most anterior region of the brain stem

Answer 16

Diencephalon

Question 17

The outermost and toughest of the 3 meninges

Answer 17

Dura matter

Question 18

The midbrain; the region of the brain stem between the diencephalon and the metencephalon

Answer 18

Mesencephalon

Question 19

The region of the brain stem between the mesencephalon and the myelencephalon; one of the 2 divisions of the hindbrain

Answer 19

Metencephalon

Question 20

The most posterior region of the brain; the area of the brain stem between the metencephalon and the spinal cord; one of the 2 divisions of the hindbrain

Answer 20

Myelencephalon

Question 21

The innermost and most delicate of the 3 meninges; it adheres to the surface of the CNS

Answer 21

Pia matter

Question 22

The cerebral hemispheres; one of the 2 divisions of the forebrain

Answer 22

Telencephalon

Question 23

structures of the CNS that are composed largely of axons; their function is to conduct action potentials from one part of the CNS to another

Answer 23

Tracts

Question 24

The large striped metencephalic structure that is situated just dorsal to the pons; it plays a role in coordination and movement

Answer 24

Cerebellum

Question 25

The diencephalic structure that is located just beneath the anterior thalamus; the pituitary gland is suspended from it

Answer 25

Hypothalamus

Question 26

The most posterior region of the brain stem; the myelencephalon; its major structures include the pyramids, olives, medullary reticular formation, and the nuclei that contribute axons to cranial nerves 9, 10, 11, and 12

Answer 26

Medulla

Question 27

The two-lobed diencephalic structure at the top of the brain stem; one lobe on each side of the third ventricle; several of its nuclei relay sensory information to the appropriate regions of the cerebral cortex

Answer 27

Thalamus

Question 28

The ventral portion of the metencephalon; its major structures include the fourth ventricle, the metencephalic portion of the reticular formation, many ascending and descending tracts, and the nuclei that contribute axons to cranial nerves 5, 6, 7, and 8

Answer 28

Pons

Question 29

Three-layered cerebral cortex, which was the 1st type of cerebral cortex to evolve; humans have mostly neocortex

Answer 29

Allocortex

Question 30

The almond-shaped nucleus of the anterior temporal lobe; it is part of both the limbic system and the basal ganglia

Answer 30

Amygdala

Question 31

Area of the cerebral cortex that receive input from more than one sensory system, typically via areas of secondary sensory cortex; much of their output goes to areas of secondary motor cortex

Answer 31

Association areas

Question 32

The long, deep fissures on the lateral surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, one on each side; they run from the longitudinal fissure down to the lateral fissure

Answer 32

Central Fissures

Question 33

The outer layer of the cerebral hemispheres; it is largely composed of gray matter

Answer 33

Cerebral Cortex

Question 34

The large, deep grooves in the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 34

Fissures

Question 35

The large ridges, or convolutions, between adjacent fissures

Answer 35

Gyri

Question 36

The allocortical limbic system structure of the medial temporal lobes; it extends from the amygdala at its anterior end to the cingulate cortex and fornix at its posterior end

Answer 36

Hippocampus

Question 37

The long, deep grooves that run roughly horizontally on the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres, one on each side

Answer 37

Lateral fissures

Question 38

Six-layered cerebral cortex of relatively recent evolutionary origin

Answer 38

Neocortex