Chapter 3

Question 1

Microevolution

Answer 1

Short-term.

Question 2

Macroevolution

Answer 2

Long-term. Includes origins of new species.

Question 3

Modern Evolutionary Synthesis (Neo-Darwinism)

Answer 3

Natural selection mix heredity. Biological variation. Defined species in terms of populations.

Question 4

Gene pool

Answer 4

All of the genes in a population

Question 5

Gene frequency

Answer 5

how often variants of a gene occur within a population

Question 6

Polymorphous

Answer 6

Most alleles have a range of different forms

Question 7

Clines

Answer 7

geographic variation in phenotypic trait across a population

Question 8

The Big 4 EvoPro

Answer 8

Natural selection, Mutation, Gene Flow, Genetic Drift

Question 9

Gene flow

Answer 9

exchange of genes between multiple populations with overlapping gene pools

Question 10

Genetic drift

Answer 10

random changes in gene frequencies due to disease, disaster, or migration

Question 11

Pleiotropy

Answer 11

1 gene = multiple traits

Question 12

Polygeny

Answer 12

multiple genes = 1 trait

Question 13

Plasticity

Answer 13

flexibility that allows organisms to respond to environmental stress

Question 14

Founder effect

Answer 14

A kind of genetic drift where small subgroup of larger population becomes isolated

Question 15

Phyletic gradualism

Answer 15

Uniform process of microevolution of time.

Speciation from anagensis- gradual transformation

Arbitrary species boundaries.

Continuous fossil record.

Question 16

Punctuated Equlibria

Answer 16

Macroevolution not uniform.

Speciation from cladogensis- rapid development of new species

Real species boundaries.

Fossil record shows breaks between old and new