Chapter 3 Flashcards
Frequency Table
Relative Frequency Table
Lists the categories in a categorical variable and gives the count (or percentage) of observations for each category
Distribution
Gives the possible values of the variable and the relative frequency of each value
Area Principle
In a statistical display, each data value should be represented by the same amount of area.
Bar Chart
Relative Frequency Bar Chart
Show a bar whose area represents the count (or percentage) of observations for each category of a categorical variable.
Pie Chart
Show how a “whole” divides into categories by showing a wedge of a circle whose area corresponds to the proportion in each category
Categorical Data Condition
Note that methods in Chapter 3 are for categorical data and should NOT be used for quantitative data. Ex: Pie charts, bar charts
Contingency Table
Displays counts and can display percentages of individuals falling into the named categories on two or more variables. Categorizes the individuals on all variables at once to reveal possible patterns in one variable that may be contingent on the category of the other.
Marginal Distribution
In a contingency table, the distribution of either variable alone. The counts or percentages are the totals found in the margins (last row or column) of the table.
Conditional Distribution
The distribution of a variable restricting the Who to consider only a smaller group of individuals.
Independence
If the conditional distribution of one variable is the same for each category of the other.
Segmented Bar Chart
Displays the conditional distribution of a categorical variable within each category of another variable.
Simpson’s Paradox
When averages are taken across different groups, they can appear to contradict the overall averages.
