Chapter 3 Flashcards
Unitary Governments
A way of organizing a nation so that all power resides in the central government. Most national governments today are unitary governments
Federalism
A way of organizing a nation so that two or more levels of government have formal authority over the same land and people (shared power between units of government)
Supremacy Clause
The clause in Article VI of the Confederation that makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws as long as the national government is acting within its constitutional limits
McCulloch v. Maryland
1819 Established the supremacy of the national gov over state governments as well as implied powers
Enumerated Powers
Powers of the Federal gov that are specifically addressed in the Constitution. Power to coin money and regulate it’s value and impose taxes
Implied Powers
Powers of the federal gov that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution, in accordance with the statement in the Constitution that Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article 1
Elastic Clause
Final paragraph in Article 1, Section 8, of the Constitution Heinrich authorizes Congress to pass all laws “necessary and proper” to carry out the enumerated powers
Full Faith and Credit
A clause in Article IV in the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states
Extradition
A legal process whereby a state surrenders a person charged with a crime to the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed
Dual Federalism
A system of government in which both the states and the national government remain supreme within their own spheres, each responsible for some policies
Cooperative Federalism
A system of gov in which power and policy assignments are shared between states and the national gov
Categorical Grants
Federal grants that can be used only for specific purposes or “categories” of states and local spending. They come with strings attached, such as nondiscrimination provisions
Block Grants
Federal grants given more or less automatically to states to communities to support broad programs in areas such as community development and social services
Mandates
A official order or commission to do income thing from the Federal gov to the states but the Federal gov doesn’t have to provide money to do it
(Americans with Disabilities Act, Head Start Program for Low Income Children, Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act)
