Chapter 3 Flashcards
Consciousness
our awareness of ourselves and our environment
Dual-processing
the principle that info is often simultaneously processed in separate conscious and unconscious tracks
Unconscious parallel processing
(being able to process several things at the same time)
conscious sequential processing
only able to process one thing at a time
Parallel processing
allows your mind to take care of routine business, such as following the path to get back home and in traffic, whereas sequential processing is skilled at solving new problems or engaging in activities that require your focused attention, such as a car spinning ahead of you in traffic
Selective attention
focusing your conscious awareness on a particular stimulus
Cocktail party effect
if you’re at a party and in a convo and you hear your name in another convo your attention will be immediately pulled to that convo instead of the one you’re already in
Inattentional blindness
failure to see objects when our attention is directed elsewhere
Circadian rhythm
24 hour biological cycle
Awake and alert
beta waves
Awake and relaxed
alpha waves
Stage 1 sleep
alpha and theta waves
light sleep; hallucinations like falling until you jerk may occur
AKA NREM-1
very brief
Stage 2 sleep
delta waves and K complexes
AKA NREM-2
Lasts about 20 minutes
Stage 3 sleep
delta waves
hard to wake them up; bedwetting occurs in this stage. This is considered deep sleep. Growth hormones are released in this stage.
As we get older, we need less growth hormone and there is less deep sleep
AKA NREM-3
lasts about 30 min
REM sleep
Rapid Eye Movement; brain waves look like person is fully awake and alert, but paradoxically, they are in a deep sleep (in fact, hard to awaken someone in this stage) and the muscles are paralyzed (if not, we might physically act out our dreams).
Happens about an hour after falling asleep
Beta waves again
About every half minute your eyes dart around your eyelids
Your genitals are aroused in this stage of sleep no matter what the dream is about
As the night goes on the rem periods get longer building up to about 40 min per cycle
Newborns need about how many hours of sleep?
16/24 hours of sleep a day
Teenagers need to sleep later or wake up earlier than adults?
Later
Communal Sleeping
e.g. Soldiers sleeping on duty
everyone sleeping together in a room
Anything that happens how many minutes before we fall asleep is lost from memory
Five
We can recuperate with sleep because it helps us what? Three answers
repair brain tissue
prune unused neural connections
and reduce metabolism
What chemical is released during sleep?
HGH
Consequences of sleep deprivation (not enough sleep)?
- Decrease in the immune cells
- Impaired concentration
- Irritability
- Misperceptions, esp on monotonous tasks
- Weight gain
- Hallucinations
- Speech
- Movement problems
Insomnia
trouble falling asleep or getting back to sleep or waking too early. Sleeping pills and alcohol make problem worse by decreasing REM sleep.
Are sleeping pills bad or good for Insomnia?
BAD
Narcolepsy
sudden onsets of sleep during waking hours. Person goes directly from awake toREM, even if talking in front of class, driving to a party in the evening, or while mowing the lawn. Episodes last about 5 minutes. Probably genetic. Treatment is stimulants/amphetamines
REM Behavior Disorder
paralysis of REM sleep is absent, so sleepers move as if acting out their dreams.
Sleep apnea
frequent stopping of breathing and then gasping for air. More likely to occur if overweight, and leads to insomnia.
Night terrors
“waking up” in panic, screaming but not responsive to directions or comfort and no recollection the next day. Falls back to sleep easily. Occurs within 2 to 3 hours of falling asleep and is especially common in children ages 3 to 8.
Nightmares
anxiety-arousing dreams that occur in (usually) REM sleep. More likely to occur in the early morning. The person recalls the dream vividly and may have trouble falling asleep again.
Somnambulism
sleepwalking. Occurs in deep NREM sleep (stage 3) similar to night terrors. Seems to be genetic. There people are NOT acting out a dream.
Dream in what stage of sleep?
REM Sleep
Freud has the theory that dreams are the road to our
unconscious
Mindfulness Meditation
taking in the room
staying in the present but not fixating on one thing
Spiritual Meditation
giving your feeling and emotion to a higher being
giving up a problem or asking a question to the higher being
receiving an answer from the higher being
Focused Meditation
concentrating on an object/subject tangible or intangible
Movement Meditation
taking a small calming body movement and letting it be repetitive
Mantra Meditation
repeating a word or a phrase over and over again
like the word “OM”
Psychoactive drugs
drugs that change perceptions and moods
LSD and Ritalin
Addiction
person craves and uses the substance despite its adverse consequences
tobacco and alcohol
Tolerance
need more and more of drug to get same effect
Meth and Alcohol
Withdrawal
effects of drugs leaving the body
Physical dependence
person must continue drug to avoid withdrawal illness (to avoid negative effects on body)
Psychological dependence
person must continue drug to satisfy mental/emotional cravings for the drug
Narcotics
Given for pain
Sedatives
to fll asleep or relax
Stimulants
Get heart going
Feel more energized
and feel more alert
Cannibis
marijuana and alcohol
BAC 3.0 leads to
passed out
BAC 4.0 leads to
death
