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Intro to Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

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2
Q

Dual-processing

A

the principle that info is often simultaneously processed in separate conscious and unconscious tracks

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3
Q

Unconscious parallel processing

A

(being able to process several things at the same time)

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4
Q

conscious sequential processing

A

only able to process one thing at a time

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5
Q

Parallel processing

A

allows your mind to take care of routine business, such as following the path to get back home and in traffic, whereas sequential processing is skilled at solving new problems or engaging in activities that require your focused attention, such as a car spinning ahead of you in traffic

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6
Q

Selective attention

A

focusing your conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

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7
Q

Cocktail party effect

A

if you’re at a party and in a convo and you hear your name in another convo your attention will be immediately pulled to that convo instead of the one you’re already in

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8
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

failure to see objects when our attention is directed elsewhere

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9
Q

Circadian rhythm

A

24 hour biological cycle

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10
Q

Awake and alert

A

beta waves

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11
Q

Awake and relaxed

A

alpha waves

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12
Q

Stage 1 sleep

A

alpha and theta waves
light sleep; hallucinations like falling until you jerk may occur
AKA NREM-1
very brief

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13
Q

Stage 2 sleep

A

delta waves and K complexes
AKA NREM-2
Lasts about 20 minutes

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14
Q

Stage 3 sleep

A

delta waves
hard to wake them up; bedwetting occurs in this stage. This is considered deep sleep. Growth hormones are released in this stage.
As we get older, we need less growth hormone and there is less deep sleep
AKA NREM-3
lasts about 30 min

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15
Q

REM sleep

A

Rapid Eye Movement; brain waves look like person is fully awake and alert, but paradoxically, they are in a deep sleep (in fact, hard to awaken someone in this stage) and the muscles are paralyzed (if not, we might physically act out our dreams).
Happens about an hour after falling asleep
Beta waves again
About every half minute your eyes dart around your eyelids
Your genitals are aroused in this stage of sleep no matter what the dream is about
As the night goes on the rem periods get longer building up to about 40 min per cycle

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16
Q

Newborns need about how many hours of sleep?

A

16/24 hours of sleep a day

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17
Q

Teenagers need to sleep later or wake up earlier than adults?

A

Later

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18
Q

Communal Sleeping

A

e.g. Soldiers sleeping on duty

everyone sleeping together in a room

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19
Q

Anything that happens how many minutes before we fall asleep is lost from memory

A

Five

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20
Q

We can recuperate with sleep because it helps us what? Three answers

A

repair brain tissue
prune unused neural connections
and reduce metabolism

21
Q

What chemical is released during sleep?

A

HGH

22
Q

Consequences of sleep deprivation (not enough sleep)?

A
  1. Decrease in the immune cells
  2. Impaired concentration
  3. Irritability
  4. Misperceptions, esp on monotonous tasks
  5. Weight gain
  6. Hallucinations
  7. Speech
  8. Movement problems
23
Q

Insomnia

A

trouble falling asleep or getting back to sleep or waking too early. Sleeping pills and alcohol make problem worse by decreasing REM sleep.

24
Q

Are sleeping pills bad or good for Insomnia?

A

BAD

25
Q

Narcolepsy

A

sudden onsets of sleep during waking hours. Person goes directly from awake toREM, even if talking in front of class, driving to a party in the evening, or while mowing the lawn. Episodes last about 5 minutes. Probably genetic. Treatment is stimulants/amphetamines

26
Q

REM Behavior Disorder

A

paralysis of REM sleep is absent, so sleepers move as if acting out their dreams.

27
Q

Sleep apnea

A

frequent stopping of breathing and then gasping for air. More likely to occur if overweight, and leads to insomnia.

28
Q

Night terrors

A

“waking up” in panic, screaming but not responsive to directions or comfort and no recollection the next day. Falls back to sleep easily. Occurs within 2 to 3 hours of falling asleep and is especially common in children ages 3 to 8.

29
Q

Nightmares

A

anxiety-arousing dreams that occur in (usually) REM sleep. More likely to occur in the early morning. The person recalls the dream vividly and may have trouble falling asleep again.

30
Q

Somnambulism

A

sleepwalking. Occurs in deep NREM sleep (stage 3) similar to night terrors. Seems to be genetic. There people are NOT acting out a dream.

31
Q

Dream in what stage of sleep?

A

REM Sleep

32
Q

Freud has the theory that dreams are the road to our

A

unconscious

33
Q

Mindfulness Meditation

A

taking in the room

staying in the present but not fixating on one thing

34
Q

Spiritual Meditation

A

giving your feeling and emotion to a higher being
giving up a problem or asking a question to the higher being
receiving an answer from the higher being

35
Q

Focused Meditation

A

concentrating on an object/subject tangible or intangible

36
Q

Movement Meditation

A

taking a small calming body movement and letting it be repetitive

37
Q

Mantra Meditation

A

repeating a word or a phrase over and over again

like the word “OM”

38
Q

Psychoactive drugs

A

drugs that change perceptions and moods

LSD and Ritalin

39
Q

Addiction

A

person craves and uses the substance despite its adverse consequences
tobacco and alcohol

40
Q

Tolerance

A

need more and more of drug to get same effect

Meth and Alcohol

41
Q

Withdrawal

A

effects of drugs leaving the body

42
Q

Physical dependence

A

person must continue drug to avoid withdrawal illness (to avoid negative effects on body)

43
Q

Psychological dependence

A

person must continue drug to satisfy mental/emotional cravings for the drug

44
Q

Narcotics

A

Given for pain

45
Q

Sedatives

A

to fll asleep or relax

46
Q

Stimulants

A

Get heart going
Feel more energized
and feel more alert

47
Q

Cannibis

A

marijuana and alcohol

48
Q

BAC 3.0 leads to

A

passed out

49
Q

BAC 4.0 leads to

A

death

Intro to Psychology (4 decks)

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