Chapter 3

Question 0

Nucleus

Answer 0

A dense central body in most cells containing the genetic material of the cell

Question 1

Cell

Answer 1

The basic biological unit of living organisms, enclosed by a limiting membrane; cells in more complex organisms contain a nucleus and a variety of organelles

Question 2

Nucleoli

Answer 2

Small spherical bodies in the cell nucleus; function in ribosome synthesis

Question 3

Chromatin

Answer 3

The structures in the nucleus that carry the hereditary factors

Question 4

Chromosomes

Answer 4

Bar like body of tightly coiled chromatin; visible during cell division

Question 5

Plasma Membrane

Answer 5

Membrane that encloses cell contents; outer limiting membrane

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

The substance of a cell other than that of the nucleus

Question 7

Organelles

Answer 7

Specialized structures in a cell that perform specific metabolic functions

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

The rod like cytoplasmic organelles responsible for ATP generation

Question 9

Ribosomes

Answer 9

Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized

Question 10

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 10

A membranous network of tubular or saclike channels in the cytoplasm of a cell

Question 11

Lysosomes

Answer 11

Organelles that originate from the Golgi apparatus and contain strong digestive enzymes

Question 12

Centriole

Answer 12

A minute body found near the nucleus of the cell composed of microtubules; active in cell division

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Tiny, hairlike projections on cell surfaces that move in a wavelike manner

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

Long, whiplike extensions of the cell membrane of some bacteria and sperm; serve to propel the cell

Question 15

Solution

Answer 15

A homogenous mixture of two or more components

Question 16

Solutes

Answer 16

The dissolved substance in a solution

Question 17

Intracellular fluid

Answer 17

Fluid within a cell

Question 18

Interstitial fluid

Answer 18

The fluid between the cells

Question 19

Diffusion

Answer 19

The spreading of particles in a gas or solution with a movement toward uniform distribution

Question 20

Osmosis

Answer 20

The diffusion of a solvent through a membrane from a dilute solution into a more concentrated one

Question 21

Filtration

Answer 21

The passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter

Question 22

Pressure gradient

Answer 22

Difference in hydrostatic (fluid) pressure that drives filtration

Question 23

Active transport

Answer 23

Net movement of a substance across a membrane against a concentration or electrical gradient; requires release and use of cellular energy

Question 24

Phagocytosis

Answer 24

The ingestion of solid particles by cells

Question 25

Pinocytosis

Answer 25

The engulfing of extra cellular fluid by cells

Question 26

Mitosis

Answer 26

The division of the cell nucleus; often followed by division of the cytoplasm of a cell