Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 106 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Energy

A

The ability to do work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Potential Energy

A

Inactive, stored energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy form stored in chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Electrical Energy

A

Energy firm resulting from the movement of charged particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanical Energy

A

Energy form directly involved in putting matter into motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Radiant energy

A

Energy of the electromagnetic spectrum, which includes heat, light, ultraviolet waves, infrared waves, and other forms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elements

A

Any of the building blocks of matter; oxygen, hydrogen, carbon for example

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Atoms

A

The smallest part of an element; indivisible by ordinary chemical means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atomic symbol

A

A one/two letter symbol indicating a particular element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Protons

A

Subatomic particle that bears a positive charge; located in the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Neutrons

A

Uncharged subatomic particles; found in the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Electrons

A

Negatively charged subatomic particle; orbits the atomic nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Atomic Weight

A

Average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Isotopes

A

Different atomic form of the same element. Isotopes vary only on the number of neutrons they contain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Radioisotope

A

Isotope that exhibits radioactive behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Radioactivity

A

The process of spontaneous decay seen in some of the heavier isotopes, during which particles or energy is emitted from the atomic nucleus; results in the atom becoming more stable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Molecules

A

Particle consisting of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Compound

A

Substance composed of two or more different elements, the atoms of which are chemically united

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

Process in which molecules are formed, changed, or broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Valence Shell

A

The outermost energy level of an atom that contains electrons; the electrons in the valence shell determine the bonding behavior of the atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ionic Bond

A

Bond formed by the complete transfer of electrons from one atom to another. The resulting charged atoms, or ions, are oppositely charged and attract each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ion

A

An atom with a positive or negative electric charge

25
Q

Salts

A

Ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water

26
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

A bond involving the sharing of electrons between atoms

27
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

Weak bond in which a hydrogen atom forms a bridge between two electron-hungry atoms. An important intermolecular bond

28
Q

Synthesis Reactions

A

Chemical reaction in which larger molecules are formed from simpler ones

29
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

A destructive chemical reaction in which complex substances are broken down into simpler ones

30
Q

Exchange Reactions

A

A chemical reaction in which bonds are both made and broken; atoms become combined with different atoms

31
Q

Inorganic Compounds

A

A compound that lacks carbon; for example, water

32
Q

Organic Compounds

A

A compound containing carbon; examples include proteins, carbohydrates, and fats

33
Q

Salt

A

Ionic compound that dissociates into charged particles (other than hydrogen or hydroxyl ions) when dissolved in water

34
Q

Electrolytes

A

A substance that breaks down into ions when in solution and is capable of conducting an electric current

35
Q

Acids

A

A substance that liberates hydrogen ions when in an aqueous solution; compare with base

36
Q

Bases

A

A substance that accepts hydrogen ions; proton acceptor; compare with acid

37
Q

Neutralization

A

A chemical reaction that occurs between an acid and a base

38
Q

pH

A

The symbol for hydrogen ion concentration; a measure of the relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution

39
Q

Buffer

A

A substance or substances that help to stabilize the pH if a solution

40
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Process by which a larger molecule is synthesized from smaller ones by removal of a water molecule at each site of bond formation

41
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The process in which water is used to split a substance into smaller particles

42
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Organic compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; includes starches, sugars, cellulose

43
Q

Monosaccharide

A

Literally, one sugar; the building block of carbohydrates; examples include glucose and fructose

44
Q

Glucose

A

The principal sugar in the blood; a monosaccharide

45
Q

Disaccharide

A

Literally, double sugar; examples include sucrose and lactose

46
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Literally, many sugars; a polymer of linked monosaccharides; examples include starch and glycogen

47
Q

Lipids

A

Organic compound formed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; examples include fats and cholesterol

48
Q

Triglycerides

A

Compounds composed of fatty acids and glycerol; fats and oils; also called neutral fats

49
Q

Fatty Acids

A

A building block of fat

50
Q

Glycerol

A

A sugar alcohol; one of the building blocks of fat

51
Q

Steroids

A

A specific group of chemical substances including certain hormones and cholesterol

52
Q

Cholesterol

A

A steroid function found in animal fats as well as in most body tissues; made by the liver

53
Q

Proteins

A

A complex nitrogenous substance; the main building material of cells

54
Q

Amino acids

A

An organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; the building block of protein

55
Q

Globular Proteins

A

A protein whose functional structure is basically spherical. Also referred to as functional protein; includes hemoglobin, enzymes, and some hormones

56
Q

Enzymes

A

A substance formed by living cells that acts as a catalyst in chemical reactions in the body

57
Q

Nucleic Acid

A

Class of organic molecules that includes DNA & RNA

58
Q

Nucleotides

A

Building block of nucleic acids

59
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

A

Nucleic acid found in all living cells; carries the organisms hereditary information

60
Q

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

The nucleic acid that contains ribose; acts in protein synthesis

61
Q

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

The compound that is the important intercellular energy source; cellular energy

BIO 106 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions