Chapter 3 Flashcards
Dr. Ross believes that principles of natural selection help explain why infants come to fear strangers about the time they become mobile. Dr. Ross is most likely a(n)?
evolutionary psychologist
A pair of adopted children or identical twins reared in the same home are most likely to have similar:
religious beliefs
Collectivist cultures:
are characterized by giving priority to group goals, valuing the maintenance of social harmony, and fostering social independence
If a fraternal twin becomes schizophrenic, the likelihood of the other twin developing serious mental illness is much lower than with identical twins. This suggests that:
schizophrenia is influenced by genes
The best way to separate the effect of genes and environment in research is to study:
identical twins raised in different environments
Through natural selection, the traits that are most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations are those that contribute to:
reproduction and survival
What is not true about gender and sexuality?
Gender differences in sexuality are noticeably absent among gays and lesbians.
Evolutionary psychologists attribute gender differences in sexuality to the fact that women have:
lower reproductive potential than men
Unlike _____ twins, who develop from a single fertilized egg, _______ twins develop from separate fertilized eggs.
identical; fraternal
Temperament refers to a person’s characteristic:
emotional reactivity and intensity
Gender refers to:
the biological and social definition of male and female
If chromosomes are the “books” of heredity, the “words” are the ______.
genes
Despite growing up in the same home environment, Karen and her brother John have personalities as different as two people selected randomly from the population. Why is this so?
The interaction of their individual genes and non shared experiences accounts for the common finding that children in the same family are usually very different.
One of the best ways to distinguish how much genetic and environmental factors affect behavior is to compare children who have:
the same genes but different environments
Of the relatively few genetic differences among humans, ______ are differences among population groups.
less than 10 percent
Responding to the argument that gender differences are often by-products of a culture’s social and family structures, an evolutionary psychologist is most likely to point out:
our great human capacity for learning
An organism’s complete set of genetic instructions is called the:
genome
Compared to fraternal twins, identical twins are:
more similar in their risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease and more similar in risk of divorce.
Adoptive parents are least likely to influence the ________ of their adopted children.
personality traits
Intense and reactive infants become unusually anxious and aroused when facing new or strange situations. This best illustrates the importance of:
temperament.
Estimates of the heritability of personality traits are most directly associated with the research efforts of:
behavior geneticists.
In emphasizing that heredity’s effects on behavior depend on a person’s home environment, psychologists are highlighting the importance of:
nature-nurture interactions.
Bacteria that resist a hospital’s antibiotics rapidly multiply as other bacteria die off. This best illustrates:
natural selection.
It has been suggested that men in all cultures tend to marry women younger than themselves because men are genetically predisposed to seek female features associated with youthful fertility. This suggestion best illustrates:
an evolutionary perspective.
Premature babies are especially likely to gain weight if stimulated by:
touch and massage.
At a social gathering, Latin Americans may behave in a manner that North Americans consider intrusive and overly expressive. This best illustrates the importance of being sensitive to differing:
norms.
Displays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who value:
collectivism.
Over the last century, Western parents have placed ________ priority on teaching children to respect and obey parents and ________ priority on teaching them loyalty to their country.
decreasing; decreasing
Adolescent females spend:
less time alone and more time praying than do adolescent males.
Jaquetta was exposed to excess testosterone during prenatal development. As a young girl, Jaquetta is likely to:
prefer toy cars over dolls.
Concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our perceptions are called gender:
schemas
Two individuals are most likely to differ in personality if they are:
fraternal twins who were raised apart.
The tendency to exaggerate the impact of parents’ child-rearing practices on children’s personality has been most characteristic of:
Freudian psychologists.
Because he believes that crying is a feminine trait, 14-year-old George has difficulty admitting that a movie makes him tearful. His experience best illustrates dynamics highlighted by:
gender schema theory.
