Chapter 2 Study Guide/Online Flashcards
The axons of certain neurons are covered by a layer of fatty tissue that helps speed neural transmission. This tissue is:
the myelin sheath
Heartbeat, digestion, and other self-regulating bodily functions are governed by the:
autonomic nervous system
A strong stimulus can increase the:
number of times the neuron fires
The pain heroin withdrawal may be attributable to the fact that:
under the influence of heroin, the brain ceases production of endorphins
The brain research technique that involves monitoring the brain’s usage of glucose is called the:
PET scan
In a resting state, the axon is:
Polarized, with mostly positively charged ions outside and negatively charged ions inside
Though there is no single “control center” for emotions, their regulation is primarily attributed to the brain region known as the:
limbic system
Which is the correct sequence in the transmission of a simple reflex?
1) sensory neuron
2) interneuron
3) motor neuron
Damage to ______ will usually cause person to lose the ability to comprehend language.
Wernicke’s area
What is typically controlled by the right hemisphere?
perceptual tasks
Dr. Hernandez is studying neurotransmitter abnormalities in depressed patients. She would most likely describe herself as a:
biological psychologist
The increasing complexity of animals’ behavior is accompanied by an:
increase in the amount of association area
Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are directed by the:
somatic nervous system
A neuron will generate action potentials more often when it:
receives more excitatory than inhibitory inputs
What is the correct sequence int he transmission of a neural impulse?
1) dendrite
2) cell body
3) axon
4) synapse
Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands are called:
hormones
Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake. Most likely the damage occurred to the:
reticular formation (arousal)
Based on research, what seems true about the specialized functions of the right and left hemispheres?
Most complex activities emerge from the integrated activity of both hemispheres
Cortical areas that are not primarily concerned with sensory, motor, or language functions are:
called association areas
In the brain, learning occurs as experience strengthen certain connections in cell work groups called:
neural networks
The visual cortex is located in the:
occipital lobe
What is typically controlled by the left hemisphere?
word recognition
When Sandy scalded her toe in a tub of hot water, the pain was carried other spinal cord by the ________ nervous system.
somatic
The nerve fibers that enable communication between the right and left cerebral hemispheres and that have been severed in split-brain patients form a structure called the:
corpus callosum
Beginning at the front of the brain and moving toward the back of the head, then down the skull and bak around to the front, what is the order of the cortical regions?
1) frontal
2) parietal
3) occipital
Three-year-old Marco suffered damage to the speech area of the brain’s left hemisphere when he fell from a swing. Research suggests that:
his right hemisphere may take over much of the language function
A split-brain patient has a picture of a knife flashed to her left hemisphere and that of a fork flashed to her right hemisphere. She will be able to:
identity the fork using her left hand
Following Jayshree’s near-fatal car accident, her physician noticed that the pupillary reflex of her eyes were abnormal. This may indicate that Jayshree’s ______ was damaged in the accident.
autonomic nervous system
I am a slow-acting (but long-lasting) chemical messenger carried throughout the body by the bloodstream. What am I?
a hormone
What is the major problem with phrenology?
the brain is not neatly organized into structures that correspond to our categories of behavior
