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AP Psychology > Chapter 2 vocabulary/from notes > Flashcards

Chapter 2 vocabulary/from notes Flashcards

0
Q

Dendrites

A

“Hands” reaching out grabbing messages from other cells.

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1
Q

Cell body

A

Life support of cell

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2
Q

Axon

A

With the help of the myelin sheath, the axon speeds along the message to the axon terminal

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3
Q

Action potential

A
  • neural impulse

* brief charge that travels down the axon to send the message

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4
Q

Depolarization

A

Positive ions enter the neuron, makes neuron prone to firing

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5
Q

Hyperpolarization

A

Negative ions enter the neuron, make the neuron less prone to firing

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6
Q

Threshold

A

Minimum amount of energy a neuron needs to fire.

It will fire when it feels ready.

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7
Q

Refractory period

A

Recharge period, prepared neuron for next firing

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8
Q

Sodium-potassium pump

A

Pumps out positive ions to prepare for next firing

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9
Q

Synapse

A

Junction that connects messages

• synaptic gap, cleft

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10
Q

Reuptake

A
  • “Return to sender”

* if the receiving neuron doesn’t want to, the reuptake us the brake to send to send the message back

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11
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Sends message throughout our body

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13
Q

Serotonin

A
  • mood regulation
  • hunger, sleep, arousal
  • associated with depression and bipolar disorder
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14
Q

Dopamine

A
  • movement
  • emotion
  • learning
  • associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson’s
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15
Q

Acetylcholine (ACh)

A
  • muscle action
  • learning
  • memory
  • associated Alzheimer’s Disease
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16
Q

Norepinephrine

A
  • similar to serotonin
  • alertness
  • arousal
  • mood
  • associated depression and bipolar disorder
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17
Q

GABA (gamma-aminobuturic acid)

A
  • major inhibitory neurotransmitter
  • body can’t relax
  • associated with seizures, tremors, insomnia
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18
Q

Glutamte

A
  • major exhibitory neurotransmitter
  • memory
  • oversupply can overstimulate brain
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19
Q

Agonist

A
  • mimics neurotransmitters

* excites neuron

20
Q

Antagonist

A
  • blocks neurotransmitters

* inhibits neuron

21
Q

Name the 2 parts of the nervous system

A

1) CNS (Central Nervous System)

2) PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

22
Q

Name the 2 areas of the CNS (Central Nervous System)

A

1) brain

2) spinal cord

23
Q

Name the 2 types of neurons in the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) and their functions

A

1) Sensory Neurons - carry incoming info to muscles and glands
2) Motor Neurons - carry outgoing info to muscles and glands

24
Q

Sensory Neurons

A

carry incoming info

25
Q

Motor Neurons

A

carry outgoing info

26
Q

Glial Cells

A

helps with nutrition of neurons

27
Q

Name the 2 parts of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) and their functions

A

1) Somatic - skeletal control

2) Autonomic -involuntary muscle movements, muscles, and glands

28
Q

What does the Somatic Nervous System control?

A

skeletal control

29
Q

What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

A

involuntary movements, muscles, and glands

30
Q

Nerves

A

“cables of the body”

31
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?

A

1) Sympathetic

2) Parasympathetic

32
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System (Part of the PNS Autonomic)

A
  • stress response
  • “fight or flight’
  • sympathetic = stress
33
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System (Part of ANS Autonomic)

A
  • calms body down after stress

* parasympathetic = peaceful

34
Q

Spine

A

the highway of the body

35
Q

Endocrine System

A

set of glands

36
Q

Pituitary Gland

A
  • master gland
  • secretes hormones
  • has a role in puberty
37
Q

Thyroid

A

metabolism

38
Q

Parathyroid

A

regulates calcium in blood

39
Q

EEG (electroencephalogram)

A

for sleep studies

40
Q

PET scan (positron emission tomography)

A
  • shows what’s going on in the brain

* also measures glucose

41
Q

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

A

for concussions and brain trauma

42
Q

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

A

measures blood flow and oxygen levels

43
Q

What is the Limbic System?

A

associated with emotion: fear, aggression, hunger, and sex

44
Q

Name the parts of the Limbic System.

A

1) amygdala
2) thalamus
3) hypothalamus
4) cerebral cortex
5) hippocampus

45
Q

Amygdala

A
  • fear

* agression

46
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • maintenance
  • tells us to eat, drink, body temperature, and emotion control
  • governs pituitary gland

AP Psychology (8 decks)

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