Chapter 2 vocabulary/from notes

Question 0

Dendrites

Answer 0

“Hands” reaching out grabbing messages from other cells.

Question 1

Cell body

Answer 1

Life support of cell

Question 2

Axon

Answer 2

With the help of the myelin sheath, the axon speeds along the message to the axon terminal

Question 3

Action potential

Answer 3

• neural impulse

* brief charge that travels down the axon to send the message

Question 4

Depolarization

Answer 4

Positive ions enter the neuron, makes neuron prone to firing

Question 5

Hyperpolarization

Answer 5

Negative ions enter the neuron, make the neuron less prone to firing

Question 6

Threshold

Answer 6

Minimum amount of energy a neuron needs to fire.

It will fire when it feels ready.

Question 7

Refractory period

Answer 7

Recharge period, prepared neuron for next firing

Question 8

Sodium-potassium pump

Answer 8

Pumps out positive ions to prepare for next firing

Question 9

Synapse

Answer 9

Junction that connects messages

• synaptic gap, cleft

Question 10

Reuptake

Answer 10

• “Return to sender”

* if the receiving neuron doesn’t want to, the reuptake us the brake to send to send the message back

Question 11

Neurotransmitter

Answer 11

Sends message throughout our body

Question 13

Serotonin

Answer 13

• mood regulation
• hunger, sleep, arousal
• associated with depression and bipolar disorder

Question 14

Dopamine

Answer 14

• movement
• emotion
• learning
• associated with schizophrenia and Parkinson’s

Question 15

Acetylcholine (ACh)

Answer 15

• muscle action
• learning
• memory
• associated Alzheimer’s Disease

Question 16

Norepinephrine

Answer 16

• similar to serotonin
• alertness
• arousal
• mood
• associated depression and bipolar disorder

Question 17

GABA (gamma-aminobuturic acid)

Answer 17

• major inhibitory neurotransmitter
• body can’t relax
• associated with seizures, tremors, insomnia

Question 18

Glutamte

Answer 18

• major exhibitory neurotransmitter
• memory
• oversupply can overstimulate brain

Question 19

Agonist

Answer 19

• mimics neurotransmitters

* excites neuron

Question 20

Antagonist

Answer 20

• blocks neurotransmitters

* inhibits neuron

Question 21

Name the 2 parts of the nervous system

Answer 21

1) CNS (Central Nervous System)

2) PNS (Peripheral Nervous System)

Question 22

Name the 2 areas of the CNS (Central Nervous System)

Answer 22

1) brain

2) spinal cord

Question 23

Name the 2 types of neurons in the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) and their functions

Answer 23

1) Sensory Neurons - carry incoming info to muscles and glands
2) Motor Neurons - carry outgoing info to muscles and glands

Question 24

Sensory Neurons

Answer 24

carry incoming info

Question 25

Motor Neurons

Answer 25

carry outgoing info

Question 26

Glial Cells

Answer 26

helps with nutrition of neurons

Question 27

Name the 2 parts of the PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) and their functions

Answer 27

1) Somatic - skeletal control | 2) Autonomic -involuntary muscle movements, muscles, and glands

Question 28

What does the Somatic Nervous System control?

Answer 28

skeletal control

Question 29

What does the Autonomic Nervous System control?

Answer 29

involuntary movements, muscles, and glands

Question 30

Nerves

Answer 30

"cables of the body"

Question 31

What are the 2 parts of the Autonomic Nervous System?

Answer 31

1) Sympathetic | 2) Parasympathetic

Question 32

Sympathetic Nervous System (Part of the PNS Autonomic)

Answer 32

* stress response * "fight or flight' * sympathetic = stress

Question 33

Parasympathetic Nervous System (Part of ANS Autonomic)

Answer 33

* calms body down after stress | * parasympathetic = peaceful

Question 34

Spine

Answer 34

the highway of the body

Question 35

Endocrine System

Answer 35

set of glands

Question 36

Pituitary Gland

Answer 36

* master gland * secretes hormones * has a role in puberty

Question 37

Thyroid

Answer 37

metabolism

Question 38

Parathyroid

Answer 38

regulates calcium in blood

Question 39

EEG (electroencephalogram)

Answer 39

for sleep studies

Question 40

PET scan (positron emission tomography)

Answer 40

* shows what's going on in the brain | * also measures glucose

Question 41

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Answer 41

for concussions and brain trauma

Question 42

fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging)

Answer 42

measures blood flow and oxygen levels

Question 43

What is the Limbic System?

Answer 43

associated with emotion: fear, aggression, hunger, and sex

Question 44

Name the parts of the Limbic System.

Answer 44

1) amygdala 2) thalamus 3) hypothalamus 4) cerebral cortex 5) hippocampus

Question 45

Amygdala

Answer 45

* fear | * agression

Question 46

Hypothalamus

Answer 46

* maintenance * tells us to eat, drink, body temperature, and emotion control * governs pituitary gland