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General Chemistry > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

Equilibrium definitions

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1
Q

Qrx

A

Reaction quotient, when K expression is not at equilibrium

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2
Q

K>Q

A

Reaction favors the products; reaction shifts to the right

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3
Q

K<Q

A

Reaction favors the reactants; reaction shifts to the left

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4
Q

Kp

A

Keq for gases in P

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5
Q

Conversion of torr to atm

A

1 atm = 760 torr

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6
Q

Kc

A

Keq for solutes in [ ]

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7
Q

Ksp

A

Keq for salt dissociation in solubility

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8
Q

Ka

A

Keq for acid dissociation in H₂O

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9
Q

Kb

A

Keq for bases hydrolyzing in H₂O

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10
Q

Kw

A

Kew for autoionization of H₂O

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11
Q

K>1

A

Reaction favors the products

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12
Q

K<1

A

Reaction favors the reactants

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13
Q

Complex equilibrium

A

A balance between two separate reactions that share a common reagent

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14
Q

External stress

A

Changing moles, [ ], P, V or T

Pure solids or liquids do not disrupt the equilibrium or Keq

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15
Q

Properties of a Closed Flask

A

Rigid material
Fixed volume
Variable pressure

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16
Q

Properties of a Closed Piston

A

Flexible material
Varied volume
Pinitial = Pfinal

17
Q

Exothermic reaction

A

Gives off heat; -Δh

18
Q

Endothermic reaction

A

Absorbs heat; +Δh

19
Q

Dissociation factors

A

Lattice energy
Solvation energy
Entropy

20
Q

Lattice energy

A

the interionic forces in the crystal form

21
Q

Solvation energy

A

the strength of attraction between solvent & dissociated ions

22
Q

Entropy

A

the solute form is more disordered than the crystalline form

23
Q

Solubility

A

the breaking apart of a lattice to allow particles to move freely in a solvent

24
Q

Dissolving

A

breaking of intermolecular forces as a solid becomes a solute; molecule remains intact

25
Q

Dissociation

A

breaking of ionic bonds within a lattice structure as a salt becomes a solute; molecule ionizes

26
Q

Solvent

A

Fluid species with greatest [ ]

27
Q

Solute

A

Species not in highest [ ]

28
Q

Saturated

A

point in a solution where no more solid solute can dissolve in solution
rate of dissociation = rate of precipitation

29
Q

Supersaturated

A

amt of solid solute dissolved in solution is beyond the max amt @ a given temp

30
Q

Molar solubility

A

max # of moles of solid solute that can dissolve into enough solvent to make 1L of solution under standard conditions

31
Q

Anions insoluble in water

A

-2 & -3 anions

32
Q

MX Ksp

A

x²

33
Q

MX₂ Ksp

A

4x³

34
Q

MX₃ Ksp

A

27x³

35
Q

M₂X

A

4x³

36
Q

M₃X

A

27x³

37
Q

Anion infinitely soluble in H₂O

A

NO₃- (nitrates)

General Chemistry (6 decks)

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