Chapter 3

Question 1

Qrx

Answer 1

Reaction quotient, when K expression is not at equilibrium

Question 2

K>Q

Answer 2

Reaction favors the products; reaction shifts to the right

Question 3

K<Q

Answer 3

Reaction favors the reactants; reaction shifts to the left

Question 4

Kp

Answer 4

Keq for gases in P

Question 5

Conversion of torr to atm

Answer 5

1 atm = 760 torr

Question 6

Kc

Answer 6

Keq for solutes in [ ]

Question 7

Ksp

Answer 7

Keq for salt dissociation in solubility

Question 8

Ka

Answer 8

Keq for acid dissociation in H₂O

Question 9

Kb

Answer 9

Keq for bases hydrolyzing in H₂O

Question 10

Kw

Answer 10

Kew for autoionization of H₂O

Question 11

K>1

Answer 11

Reaction favors the products

Question 12

K<1

Answer 12

Reaction favors the reactants

Question 13

Complex equilibrium

Answer 13

A balance between two separate reactions that share a common reagent

Question 14

External stress

Answer 14

Changing moles, [ ], P, V or T

Pure solids or liquids do not disrupt the equilibrium or Keq

Question 15

Properties of a Closed Flask

Answer 15

Rigid material
Fixed volume
Variable pressure

Question 16

Properties of a Closed Piston

Answer 16

Flexible material
Varied volume
Pinitial = Pfinal

Question 17

Exothermic reaction

Answer 17

Gives off heat; -Δh

Question 18

Endothermic reaction

Answer 18

Absorbs heat; +Δh

Question 19

Dissociation factors

Answer 19

Lattice energy
Solvation energy
Entropy

Question 20

Lattice energy

Answer 20

the interionic forces in the crystal form

Question 21

Solvation energy

Answer 21

the strength of attraction between solvent & dissociated ions

Question 22

Entropy

Answer 22

the solute form is more disordered than the crystalline form

Question 23

Solubility

Answer 23

the breaking apart of a lattice to allow particles to move freely in a solvent

Question 24

Dissolving

Answer 24

breaking of intermolecular forces as a solid becomes a solute; molecule remains intact

Question 25

Dissociation

Answer 25

breaking of ionic bonds within a lattice structure as a salt becomes a solute; molecule ionizes

Question 26

Solvent

Answer 26

Fluid species with greatest [ ]

Question 27

Solute

Answer 27

Species not in highest [ ]

Question 28

Saturated

Answer 28

point in a solution where no more solid solute can dissolve in solution rate of dissociation = rate of precipitation

Question 29

Supersaturated

Answer 29

amt of solid solute dissolved in solution is beyond the max amt @ a given temp

Question 30

Molar solubility

Answer 30

max # of moles of solid solute that can dissolve into enough solvent to make 1L of solution under standard conditions

Question 31

Anions insoluble in water

Answer 31

-2 & -3 anions

Question 32

MX Ksp

Answer 32

x²

Question 33

MX₂ Ksp

Answer 33

4x³

Question 34

MX₃ Ksp

Answer 34

27x³

Question 35

M₂X

Answer 35

4x³

Question 36

M₃X

Answer 36

27x³

Question 37

Anion infinitely soluble in H₂O

Answer 37

NO₃- (nitrates)