Chapter 2 Flashcards
Atomic Theory
“A” Number
Atomic weight; protons + neutrons
“Z” Number
Atomic number; number of protons
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. Chemically similar but different masses.
Mass spectroscopy
Identifies isotopes by charge-to-mass ratio through arc analysis
Thompson experiment
Used electric field to determine that charges of protons and electrons are opposite of one another
Millikan experiment
A charged oil drop suspended in an electric field determined the magnitude of charge for protons and electrons are the same
Rutherford experiment
Tried to find e- by shadow; the atom is made up of (mostly) empty space
Excitation
When an atom absorbs energy to move an e- to a higher energy level
Energy of a wavelength
E=hv
Effective nuclear charge
Proton charge - e- repulsion
Net charge on valence e- accounting for nucleus attraction, repulsion from core e- shell, and minimal repulsion from other valence e-
Increases left to right
Radicals
Atoms/molecules with at least one unpaired e-, spinning up, susceptible to a magnetic field
Node
The absence of e- density around a nucleus
n
Shell; n>0
l
Shape of orbital; l<n and 0 or above
mi
Orientation of the orbital; -l to +l
