Chapter 3

Question 1

The communication between neurons is primarily?

Answer 1

Chemical

Question 2

What did Charles Sherrington demonstrate?

Answer 2

Communication between one neuron and the next differs from communication along single axon

Question 3

What are muscular responses to stimuli?

Answer 3

Reflexes

Question 4

What are the three things Sherrington found out about studying reflexes with dogs?

Answer 4

Reflexes are slower than conduction along axon
several weak stimuli presented slightly different times of different locations produce stronger reflex
when one set of muscles becomes excited, a different set becomes relaxed

Question 5

Sherrington deduced that transmission at a synapse must be slower than conduction along an axon. Based on

Answer 5

The speed of reflexive responses

Question 6

What is temporal summation?

Answer 6

Repeating stimuli within a brief time have a cumulative effect

Question 7

Postsynaptic means?

Answer 7

the cell that receives a message

Question 8

Presynaptic means?

Answer 8

cell that delivers the transmission

Question 9

What is the name of the potential that occurs when sodium ions enter the cell also known as depolarization?

Answer 9

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 10

What is spatial summation?

Answer 10

Synaptic inputs from various locations combine their effects on a neuron

Question 11

What would produce a greater spatial summation?

Answer 11

Present two or more weak stimuli at the same time

Question 12

What is the correct order of sequence of chemical events at a synapse?

Answer 12

synthesis,transport, release, reuptake

Question 13

How might temporal summation occur?

Answer 13

neuron might receive input from several axons but not exactly at the same time.
axons active in one order can have different results from the same axons in different order

Question 14

An IPSP represents?

Answer 14

temporary hyperpolarization

Question 15

What does the IPSP potential do?

Answer 15

Occurs when the synaptic input selectively opens in the channel for potassium ions to leave the cell or for chloride ions to enter

Question 16

What did T.R. Elliot suggest?

Answer 16

Synapses operated by using chemicals as means of transmitting signals

Question 17

Which of the following actions is most likely to be dependent on ionotropic effects

Answer 17

Rapid muscle contraction

Question 18

Which of the following is not a catecholamine?

Answer 18

Serotonin

Question 19

The brain area most often linked to drug addiction?

Answer 19

Nucleus accumbens

Question 20

The key into a lock analogy

Answer 20

drug’s affinity for a receptor

Question 21

What effect do opiate drugs have on dopamine?

Answer 21

They indirectly increase the release of dopamine by blocking transmitters that normally block dopamine

Question 22

Which type of alcoholism has a stronger genetic basis?

Answer 22

Type II

Question 23

What are ionotropic effects?

Answer 23

Begin quickly and last for a very brief period

Question 24

What are metabotropic effects?

Answer 24

slower and longer lasting

Question 25

Why does a neuron release a combination of neurotransmitters instead of just one?

Answer 25

The combination makes the neuron’s more complex such as brief excitation followed by slightly but prolonged inhibition

Question 26

What detects the amount of neurotransmitters released and inhibit further synthesis and release after it reaches a certain level

Answer 26

autoreceptors