Chapter 2 Flashcards
What system controls everything you do?
Nervous
What organ is important for balance, coordination, and sports?
Cerebellum
What do neurons do?
Cells which receive information from and transmit information to other cells
Glia cells are responsible for?
exchange chemicals with adjacent neurons
do not transfer information over long distances
What did Santiago Ramon Cajal do?
discovered the synapse. stated that cells do not grow into each other they remain separate.
What separates the inside of the cell from the outside of the cell?
Plasma Membrane
What does the nucleus do?
structure that contains the chromosomes. The brain of the cell
What is known as the powerhouse of the cell, performs metabolic activities?
Mitochondrion
Ribosomes are part of the cell that?
synthesize new proteins
What part of the cell transports newly synthesized proteins to their locations
(ER) Endoplasmic Reticulum
What receives excitation from other neurons and conducts impulses to muscle or gland cells?
Motor neuron
What does the sensory neuron do?
Specialized to detect a particular type of stimulation highly sensitive. e.g. light,taste, touch
The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called
(increase Surface Area)
Dendrites
The information sender of the neuron, conveying an impulse toward either other neurons or a gland or muscle is called the
Axon
What is the cell body known for?
Contains the nucleus,ribosome,mitochondria. and some of the metabolic work is down here.
the insulating material which covers many vertebrate axons is called the
Myelin Sheath
one of the most distinctive features of neurons compared to the other types of cells is their
Shape
Define Node of Ranvier
Short unmyelinated section of axon between segements of myelin