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Biological Psychology > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

According to David Chalmers why is there a s such thing as consciousness?

A

Easy Problem: Consciousness can take on different forms

Hard Problem: Given this universe is composed of matter, ions, and energy

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2
Q

What is the idea of dualism according to Rene Descarte?

A

Dual=meaning two. The belief that the mind and the brain are different kinds of substance and exist independently @ the pineal gland

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3
Q

What is monism?

A

Mon=meaning one. The belief that the universe consist of only one kind of substance.

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4
Q

Define biological psychology

A

The study of the physiological, evolutionary, and developmental mechanisms of behavior and experience.

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5
Q

What is the physiological explanation?

A

It relates a behavior to the activity of the brain and other organs

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6
Q

What is the ontogenetic explanation?

A

describes how a structure of behavior develops, including the influence of genes, nutrition, experiences, and their interactions.

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7
Q

What is evolutionary explanation?

A

reconstructs the evolutionary history of a structure or behavior

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8
Q

What is functional explanation?

A

describes why a structure or behavior evolved as it did

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9
Q

What do things in life for humans depend on?

A

everything depends on both your genes and your environment.

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10
Q

What idea did Gregor Mendel come up with?

A

Demonstrated that inheritance depends on genes by using pea plants

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11
Q

What are genes?

A

Units of heredity that maintain their structural identity from one generation to another.

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12
Q

Describe genes

A

Exist in pairs (x,y)
23 pairs of chromosomes
1-22 autosomal
23- sex limited

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13
Q

What are chromosomes?

A

strands of genes composed of DNA

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14
Q

What is the breakdown of the synthesis?

A

DNA-RNA-(protein made of ) Amino acids (20)

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15
Q

DNA strand

RNA strand

A

Adenine,guanine,cytosine,thymine (agct)

Adenine,guanine, cytosine, uracil (agcu)

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16
Q

What are enzyme?

A

biological catalysts that regulate chemical reactions in the body

17
Q

What are the two genes?

A

Homo= two identical - identical pair of genes on the chromosome
Heter- different- unmatched pair of genes

18
Q

The gene for brown eyes, and the ability to taste PTC is?

A

Dominant gene shows a strong affect in either homozygous or heterozygous conditions.

19
Q

The gene for blue eyes and the low taste to PTC is

A

shows its effect only in the homozygous condition

20
Q

What are some misconceptions?

A

If you have a gene for a trait, it always produce that outcome
A single gene completely controls a charateristic

21
Q

What are sex linked genes?

A

Genes are located on the sex chromosomes
f=(X,X)
m=(X,Y)
Male determines the sex of the baby

22
Q

What are the sex limited genes?

A

genes that are present in both sexes, but active mainly in one sex.
X chromosome has 1500 proteins
Y chromosome has 27 proteins

23
Q

What is the name of the genetic change?

A

Mutation- heritable change in a DNA molecule

24
Q

What are two kinds of mutations?

A

Duplication- part of a chromosome might appear twice

Deletion- might be taken out

25
Q

What is epigenetics?

A

deals with changes in gene expression without modification of DNA sequence

26
Q

how to activate a gene?

A

loosen the DNA around the histone

27
Q

How to turn off a gene?

A

removal of acetyl group causes histones to tighten their grip

28
Q

What are the names of two twins?

A

monozygotic twins-developed from one egg “identical twins)

dizygotic-developed from two eggs fraternal twins

29
Q

What is heritability?

A

degree to which variations in some characteristics depend on genetic difference (except religion)

30
Q

What is PKU?

A

genetic inability to metabolize the amino acid

hereditary condition, but environmental interventions can modify it

31
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

Choosing individuals with a desired trait and using them as parents for the next generation

32
Q

What was Darwin’s insight about natural selection?

A

if certain individuals are more useful than others

33
Q

What is altruistic behavior?

A

an action that benefits someone other than the actor

34
Q

What is reciprocal alltrusim?

A

idea that individuals help those who will return the favor

35
Q

define kin selection

A

selection for a gene that benefits the individual’s relatives

Biological Psychology (6 decks)

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