CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
It is also known as substance abuse and most often referred to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning.
Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse is also known as?
Substance Abuse
We could only consider that as drug abuse or substance abuse if there is _________.
frequency
Traditionally, it refers to the use of any drug prohibited by law, regardless of whether it was actually harmful or not.
Drug Abuse
Drug abuse leads to __________ and/or ___________.
Drug Dependence and/or Drug Addiction
Is a more severe problem than drug abuse.
Drug Dependence
It is more likely the early stage of dependence.
Drug Abuse
Drug Dependence following phases:
Initial drug use
Habituation
Tolerance
Uncontrollable craving
Withdrawal syndrome
To feel the “high” or euphoria.
Initial drug use
It is usually caused by curiosity of the person using it.
Initial drug use
You cannot function well without the help of drugs.
Dru dependence.
You cannot sleep nor work without drugs.
Drug dependence
The user continue to take drug over an extended period of time.
Habituation
It is s the necessity to increase the dose of drugs to feel the original effect or euphoria.
Tolerance
The addict feels a compulsive craving to take drug repeatedly and tries to procure the same by any means.
Uncontrollable craving
The addict’s physiological and psychological functioning is altered when deprived of drugs.
Withdrawal syndrome
What is Drug Dependence?
It can be:
Physical Dependence
Psychological dependence
The body becomes sick, inactive and incapable of carrying useful activity in the absence of drug.
Physical Dependence
Emotional and mental discomforts exist to the
individual
Psychological dependence
It is the state of mind in which a person has lost the power of self-control in respect of a drug.
Drug Addiction
It is marked by a change in behavior caused by the biochemical changes in the brain after continued substance abuse.
Drug Addiction
What are the underlying causes and influences of drug abuse?
Genetics or Biological Factor
Family background
Once you’ve started using a drug, the development into addiction may be influenced by inherited (genetic) traits, which may delay or speed up the disease progression.
Genetics or Biological Factor
Genetics or Biological Factor: Once you’ve started using a drug, the development into addiction may be influenced by ___________, which may delay or speed up the disease progression.
inherited (genetic) traits
Family history of addiction. Drug addiction is more common in some families and likely involves genetic predisposition.
Genetics or Biological Factor
If you have a blood relative, such as a parent or sibling, with alcohol or drug addiction, you’re at greater risk of developing a drug addiction.
Genetics or Biological Factor
Genetics or Biological Factor: Individual’s general health like _____, ______, ______, ______, ______, ________, _______ or _________, you’re more likely to become addicted to drug
fatigue,
chronic cough,
insomnia,
discomfort, depression,
attention- deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
or post-traumatic stress disorder
Using drugs can become a way of coping with painful feelings, such as ______, ______, and ____ and can make these problems even worse.
anxiety,
depression
and loneliness,
Wrong Motives and Attitudes:
Curiosity
Peer group pressure
To prove their guts
To escape from problems
The eagerness to explore what they have not
experienced.
Curiosity
Psychosocial factors:
Availability and Exposures
Influence of media
Impact of affluent lifestyles
Collapse of religious values
Lower value on academics
Influence of proselytizers who proclaim the goodness of drugs
Slum conditions
CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS:
Specific or Situational Drug Users
Spree Users
Hard Core Addicts
Hippies
Employs drug for specific situation or purpose such as to keep them awake or for additional energy to perform an important work.
Specific or Situational Drug Users
Such individuals may or may not exhibit psychological dependence.
Specific or Situational Drug Users
The students who use Amphetamines to keep them awake at examination time.
Specific or Situational Drug Users
The house wife who uses anti-obesity pills for additional energy to perform household chores.
Specific or Situational Drug Users
The taxi driver who uses amphetamines to stay awake while driving all night.
Specific or Situational Drug Users
Usually college or high school age, who take drugs for “kicks”.
Spree Users
Spree Users: Usually college or high school age, who take drugs for _____.
“kicks”
Drug Sprees constitute a defiance of convention, and adventurous daring experience, or a means of having fun.
Spree Users
Drug Sprees constitute a defiance of convention, and adventurous daring experience, or a means of having ______.
fun
There may be some degree of psychological dependence but little or no physical dependence because of the sporadic and mixed pattern use.
Spree Users
These are users who often engage in sporadic drug use.
spree
It is occasional or irregular use of drugs.
sporadic
Spree users usually take drugs in _______ or ________.
groups or social functions
They are using drugs to perform a task.
situational drug users
They are using drugs for adventure, kicks, or fun.
spree users
Their activities revolve almost entirely around drug experience and securing supplies.
Hard Core Addicts
They show strong physical dependence on the drug, often reinforced by physical dependence when certain drugs are being used.
Hard Core Addicts
They have been on drugs for sometimes and now feel that they cannot function without drug support.
Hard Core Addicts
New type of drug abusers who emerged in the last few years.
Hippies
The drug users tend to believe that today’s lifestyle is either antiquated or wrong and a new way of life should be found.
Hippies
Drugs are an integral of the hippie life and they could be considered same as the hard-core abusers
Hippies
The major difference is that most hippies do not come from slum areas but for middle or upper income families and their educational level is far above that of the slum dwellers.
Hippies
How to spot a drug user? (General Signs)
Loss of Interest-Apathy-Complacency
Physical Signs
Erratic Behaviors
Through a drug test
Loss of Interest-Apathy-Complacency:
a. Isolating behaviors like being found in old places like closets and storage.
b. Lack of concentration.
c. Neglecting responsibilities.
d. Anti-social, very low morals.
Physical Signs:
a. Wearing sunglasses at inappropriate times to hide dilated or constricted pupils, or bloodshot eyes.
b. Scars on arms and body. The use of long sleeve shirts even during hot
seasons.
c. Intoxication and drunkenness.
d. Nasal secretion and watering eyes.
e. Rapid weight loss or gain
f. Poor body coordination
g. Unusual odor
h. Poor sleeping habits
It is occurs when there is too much surgical incision kasi nga ang drug administration nila is by injection.
Hypertrophic scars
Erratic Behaviors:
a. Aggressive behavior or drowsiness.
b. Extreme cheerfulness and exhilaration.
c. Rapid Mood Swings
d. Depression
e. Irritability
f. Dramatic changes in habits
A drug test looks for the presence of one or more illegal or prescription drugs in your urine, _____, _____, _____, or _______.
blood, saliva, hair, or sweat
_________ is the most common type of drug screening.
Urine testing
A urine test shows a history for most drug groups of between _____.
1-4 days
U urine testing generally can’t detect drug used from the past ________.
two to four hours (2-4 hours)
This is the most common drug test. It requires a sample of your urine (pee).
Urine Drug Testing (UDT)
Urine drug tests are most commonly used to detect ______, _____, ______, _____, _____, _____, or _____.
alcohol,
amphetamines,
benzodiazepines,
opiates/opioids,
cocaine and
marijuana (THC).
Healthcare providers mainly use this type of test in emergencies. It’s also typically used to detect alcohol (ethanol) levels because it can provide a precise level.
Blood Drug Testing
Blood Drug Testing: It’s also typically used to detect _________ levels because it can provide a precise level.
alcohol (ethanol)
Blood tests are _______ and _______, so are rarely done.
expensive and invasive
Shows drug use history. Drugs have to be taken at least 3-4 times in order to register.
Hair testing
Hair testing shows drug use history. Drugs have to be taken ________ in order to register.
at least 3-4 times
It is currently the most effective method for
drug testing.
Hair testing
The results can vary based on the characteristics of each person’s hair.
Hair follicle drug testing
Hair testing can detect the use of _____, _____, ______, _____, and ______.
cocaine,
phencyclidine (PCP),
amphetamines,
opioids and
3, 4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA).
Date rape is a crime that has risen in the last few years. Drugs like GHB (gamma hydroxybutyrate) or Rohypnol can be used to spiked drinks.
Testing Spiked drinks
Recently, companies have started to sell products which will test for the __________, which commonly associated with drug rape. These usually the form of test strips or beer mats, which can be easily carried on a night out for discrete testing.
Benzodiazepines group of drugs
It is a drug term that is sometimes used to overpower victims and sexually assault them.
Date rape drug
Presently, the most common date rape drugs are the _______ and ______.
Gamma hydro butyrate (GHB) and Rohypnol
The injection of drugs in the veins.
Mainliner
The apparatus for injecting a drug may include needle and a bottle cap or spoon for dissolving the powdered drug.
Works
Street slang for the injection of drugs.
Hit
One injection of opiates, usually heroin.
A Fix
An opiate addict.
Junkie
To inject the drug under the skin.
Skin popping
Packet of drugs or a single dose of an opiate.
A bag
Describes the withdrawal that occurs after repeated opiate use
Cold Turkey
The addict can become irritable, fidgety, perspiration increases, and there is lack of appetite.
Cold Turkey
The main problem in discontinuing opiate use is not getting off the drug, it’s staying off.
Cold Turkey
Scars on the skin form repeated injection of opiate.
Track
Street slang for amphetamines.
Uppers
A person who repeatedly takes amphetamines or speed usually intravenously
Speed Freak
The brief heightened state of exhilaration at the beginning of the high.
Rush
Under the spell or influence of the drug
High
A user can be thrown back into the LSD experience months after the use of the drug.
Flashback
Other effects of LSD, which are being thoroughly researched, include brain damage and chromosome.
Flashback
Is an involuntary occurrence of some of the visual and sensory effects experienced on LSD.
Flashback
Marijuana cigarette.
Joint
The butt end of a joint.
Roach
REQUIREMENTS ON THE APPLICATION FOR THE TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF DRUG DEPENDENTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Drug Dependency Examination (DDE)
Philippine National Police (PNP) Clearance
Certificate of No Pending Case from the Regional Trial Court (RTC) and/or Municipal Trial Court (MTC).
Drug dependents may directly set an appointment with a __________ for DDE.
DOH-Accredited Physician
He/she may also secure a referral form for DDE from the _______.
Legal Division of the Dangerous Drugs Board
If a drug dependent resides outside Metro Manila, he/she may coordinate with the nearest Treatment and __________ or ________ in his/her place of residence.
Rehabilitation Center or Anti-Drug Abuse Council
If a ___________ has a pending case, secure a Certification of suspension proceedings from the RTC or MTC where the case was filed
minor drug dependent
If a minor drug dependent has a pending case, secure a ____________ from the RTC or MTC where the case was filed.
Certification of suspension of proceedings
If an ___________, secure a Certification of Dismissed Case from RTC or MTC where the case was filed or Certificate that the proceeding is suspended.
adult drug dependent
If an adult drug dependent, secure a ___________ from RTC or MTC where the case was filed or Certificate that the proceeding is suspended.
Certification of Dismissed Case
Any drug dependent may by himself/herself or through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, may file a verified application to the Board for voluntary confinement for treatment and rehabilitation. (BOARD REGULATION No. 3 Series of 2007)
Section 2. Application for voluntary Confinement
Section 2. Application for voluntary Confinement: Any drug dependent may by himself/herself or through his/her parent, spouse, guardian or relative within the fourth degree of consanguinity or affinity, may file a verified application to the Board for voluntary confinement for treatment and rehabilitation.
BOARD REGULATION No. 3 Series of 2007
STEPS ON TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF DRUG DEPENDENT (Voluntary Submission, Voluntary through Representation and Compulsory Confinement)
- Secure referral form and other requirements for Drug Dependency Examination (DDE) at the Legal Affairs Division, Dangerous Drugs Board
- DDE is conducted by a DOH-accredited physician
- For voluntary confinement, submit the result of the Drug Dependency Examination together with the other requirements to the Legal Division of the Dangerous Drugs Board.
- The DDB Legal will process the petition for confinement (pre-signed by DDB Authorized Representative) prior to the release of petition filed by applicant with the RTC.
- The release of Petition is made either to the applicant and/or authorized representative.
- In case of compulsory confinement, the parent(s)/spouse/relative(s) shall execute and submit a statement/affidavit providing information as to the drug taking habit of alleged drug dependent.
These are persons who try to persuade others to accept a certain belief.
Proselytizers
