CHAPTER 2 Flashcards
It is the name given to Asia’s principal area of illicit opium production, located at the crossroads of Central, South, and Western Asia.
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT: It is the name given to Asia’s principal area of illicit opium production, located at the crossroads of _______, _________, and _________.
Central, South, and Western Asia
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT: This space overlaps three nations, ________, ________, and _______ whose mountainous peripheries define the crescent.
Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan
This region is considered a global hub for heroin and related opiate production and trafficking.
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT
Primary producer of opium
THE GOLDEN CRESCENT
What are the three well-defined heroin trafficking routes that originate from the Golden Crescent region.
Balkan route
Northern route
Southern route
It operates through Iran and Turkey and traffics the bulk of Afghan heroin to Europe.
Balkan route
Balkan is a ______ word which means mountain.
Turkish
Balkan is a Turkish word which means _______.
mountain
It supplies heroin to the Russian Federation and Central Asia.
Northern route
That traffics heroin to Iran and Pakistan, and from these countries, via sea and air, to other parts of the world.
Southern route
Opium production rose steadily throughout the 1980s and 1990s until 2000 when opium production fell precipitously on account of a fatwa issued by Taliban leader Mullah Omar that banned poppy cultivation.
Opium trade in Afghanistan
Opium production rose steadily throughout the 1980s and 1990s until 2000 when opium production fell precipitously on account of a _______ issued by Taliban leader Mullah Omar that banned poppy cultivation.
fatwa
Opium trade in Afghanistan: Opium production rose steadily throughout the 1980s and 1990s until 2000 when opium production fell precipitously on account of a fatwa issued by Taliban leader ______ that banned poppy cultivation.
Mullah Omar
When is the enactment of Fatwa?
July 28, 2000
Opium trade in Afghanistan: Opium production resumed after the fall of the Taliban in _________.
2001
The opium trade, though not reliable, has been a relatively lucrative enterprise for Afghan farmers. Between 2002 and 2008, poppy farmers made _________.
$6.4 billion.
A 2010 study describes the following heroin use patterns in Afghanistan, based on
patient profile:
the war pattern,
the refugees’ pattern, and
the social and economic crisis pattern.
It entails long-term drug use (>30 years) by ex-Afghan soldiers.
The war pattern
It includes people who began to use drugs while they were refugees in Pakistan and Iran.
The refugees’ pattern
It includes people who began to use drugs as
a means of escape from their harsh realities.
The social and economic crisis pattern
In a national population size estimation study of illicit drug users, it was found that ________ was the most common illicit drug used.
opium
It is an area covering 367,000 square miles in Southeast Asia where a significant portion of the world’s opium has been produced since the beginning of the twentieth century.
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
This area is centered on the meeting point of the borders that separate Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand.
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE
THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE: This area is centered on the meeting point of the borders that separate _________, _________ and ________.
Laos,
Myanmar, and
Thailand
The Golden Triangle’s mountainous terrain and distance from major urban centers
make it an ideal location for __________ and ________.
illicit poppy cultivation and transnational opium smuggling.
Until the end of the 20th century, the _________ was the world’s largest producer of opium and heroin, with Myanmar being the single highest-producing country.
Golden Triangle
Since _______, the Golden Triangle’s opium production has been outpaced by
the Golden Crescent.
1991
In _______ , the British Empire expanded to include Upper Burma, where the modem Kachin and Shan states of Myanmar are located.
1886
The mountainous regions surrounding the convergence point of the _________, ________, and ________ borders continued to play a major role in the global opium economy.
Burma, Thailand, and Laos
Who is the King of the Golden Triangle?
Khun Sa
By the 1960s, several rebel groups based in _______, ________, and ________ supported their operations through the illegal opium trade, including a faction of the Kuomintang (KMT), which had been expelled from China by the Communist Party.
northern Burma, Thailand, and Laos
By the 1960s, several rebel groups based in northern Burma, Thailand, and Laos supported their operations through the illegal opium trade, including a faction of the __________, which had been expelled from China by the Communist Party
Kuomintang (KMT)
By the 1980s, Khun Sa had amassed an army of over 20,000 soldiers, which he dubbed the ___________, and established a semi autonomous fiefdom in the hills of the Golden Triangle near the town of Baan Hin Taek.
Mok Tai Army
By the 1980s, Khun Sa had amassed an army of over 20,000 soldiers, which he dubbed the Mok Tai Army, and established a semi autonomous fiefdom in the hills of
the Golden Triangle near the town of __________.
Baan Hin Taek
Prince of Death
Khun Sa
He is a retired soldier na naging drug lord.
Khun Sa
The only Shan warlord who ran a truly professional smuggling organization capable of transporting large quantities of opium.
Khun Sa
In a interview in ______ with the now-defunct Bangkok World, he called himself the
“King of the Golden Triangle.”
1997
The South American region consisting of _______, _________, and ________ that is
historically known to be a major cocaine production area in the Andean region
Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia
The South American region consisting of Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia that is historically known to be a major cocaine production area in the Andean region.
THE SILVER TRIANGLE
About 90% of all cocaine produced in the world today comes from the Latin American
countries, mainly:
Peru, Columbia, and Ecuador, and to certain extent, Panama, Venezuela, El Salvador and Costa Rica.
It is the place where the known drug cartels came from such as Medellin and Cali cartel.
Columbia
Columbia and its capital, _______, was branded before as ________ because it houses international drug cartels.
Bogota ; Bogota
Is the single largest producer and exporter of cocaine in the world. And after decades of foreign- funded eradication efforts in the country, the industry is thriving.
Peru
It is now literally at the heart of South America’s illegal narcotics trade.
Bolivia
It produces its own cocaine.
Bolivia
According to the national-scale drug abuse surveys and statistics of office of ____________, the number of registered problematic drug users increased from 70,000 in 1990 to 3.23 million by the end of June 2015 in the mainland China.
National Narcotic Control Commission (NNCC)
Heroin is still one of the major abused substances in ________.
China
Aside from the opiates, drugs such as methamphetamine (ice”), MDMA Cecstasy”) and ketamine which were called __________have spread quiddy during the past decade.
“new emerging synthetic drugs”
Like Columbia, it houses also world powerful drug cartels/syndicates like the Sinaloa and Los Zetas.
Mexico
It is not only a major transshipment point of Cannabis Sativa or Marijuana to the United States and to other European countries; it has also become over the last few years the no. 1 producer of Cannabis in the World.
Mexico
It continues to be a major transshipment point to all parts of the world for the form of heroin known as “No. 4”.
Hong Kong
It is one of the most significant transshipment points for destined to all parts of the world.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong continues to be a major transshipment point to all parts of the world for the form of heroin known as _________.
“No. 4”
It is a form of a white powder, is a type most preferred in U.S and Europe.
No. 4
Methamphetamines are increasingly being trafficked through?
Hong Kong to Japan and the Philippines
It has traditionally been a transit point for heroin mostly destined for North America and Europe, with the relaxation on restrictions of travel to the mainland for Taiwanese males.
Taiwan
The Taiwanese are more frequently were coming to notice as heroine trafficker, particularly from _________.
Yunnan province of China
In the spring of 1991, Spanish narcotic agents seized after three successive strikes of two metric tons of high-grade cocaine worth several billions of US dollars.
Spain
The shipment, mostly from _______ and ________, was the biggest drug seizure ever made in Western Europe.
Columbia and Ecuador
Most of the cocaine smuggled into Spain is for transit to other European countries, such as:
French, Britain, Germany and the Netherlands
At a World Health Organization Meeting in Geneva, Spain was referred to as the ___________ for its enactment of a law that
“decriminalized” the possession of small quantities of illegal drugs.
“Paradise of drug Users in Europe”
It is based from the third largest city in Colombia, which is Cali.
Cali Cartel
Means a formal agreement between a group of producers of a good or service to control supply or regulate and manipulate prizes.
Cartel
Is s a criminal organization that controls the supply of illegal drugs and they are also setting the certain prize for that product.
Drug Cartel
It is headed by Don Chepe, in real life is Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuella, founded the Cali in 1970’s with his brother Miguel Rodriguez, and Jose Santacruz Londono and Helmer “Pacho” Herrera.
Cali Cartel
Cali Cartel is headed by:
Don Chepe, in real life is Gilberto Rodriguez Orejuella with his brother Miguel Rodriguez, and Jose Santacruz Londono and Helmer “Pacho” Herrera.
It has become the most powerful criminal organization in the world.
Cali Cartel
Stated that the Cali syndicates are the best organized. “They are professionals of the highest order, intelligent, efficient, imaginative and nearly impenetrable.”
US- Drug Enforcement Agency Experts
The one who controlled the Powerful International Drug Cartel in the 1880’s.
Medellin Cartel
It was founded and ran by Pablo Escobar.
Medellin Cartel
Medellin Cartel is founded and ran by?
Pablo Escobar
It came first before the Cali Cartel.
Medellin Cartel
Medellin Cartel is the first major drug cartel in _________ that began in 1880’s.
Columbia
They was responsible for the arrest of the founder of Medellin Cartel who is Pablo Escobar.
Cali Cartel
Pablo Escobar died in ________ after the shoot out operation conducted by the Columbian Police and US- Drug Enforcement Agency.
1993
After years of murders and Mayhem, the Colombian government succeeded in containing the Medelin cartel after a vicious _________ of war which resulted in the death of drug boss Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha, and the subsequent surrender of his top aid and fellow cocaine barons, Juan David and Fabio Ochoa.
22 months
After years of murders and Mayhem, the Colombian government succeeded in containing the Medelin cartel after a vicious 22 months of war which resulted in the death of drug boss __________________, and the subsequent surrender of his top aid and fellow cocaine barons, ___________ and __________.
Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha ; Juan David and Fabio Ochoa
Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha is also known as __________ (In English: The Mexican) and “Don Sombrero.”
“El Mexicano”
Jose Gonzalo Rodriguez Gacha is also known as “El Mexicano” (In English: The Mexican) and _____________.
“Don Sombrero.”
In ____ comes the death of the Medellin Cartel.
1989
He was the chief assassin of the Medellin cartel and was responsible for the bombing of Avianca flight 203 which killed 107 civilians and was responsible for the deaths of unknown
number of people.
Dandy Muñoz Mosquera a.k.a. “La Quica”
Dandy Muñoz Mosquera a.k.a. “La Quica” - he was the chief assassin of the Medellin cartel and was responsible for the bombing of __________ which killed _________ and was responsible for the deaths of unknown
number of people.
Avianca flight 203 ; 107 civilians
When we say “La Quica”, it is a Columbian slang meaning _________ this nickname was given to him during his childhood for
unknown reason.
“The fat girl”
Avianca flight 203 is a terrorist attack because the Medellin Cartel is intending to target the Columbian presidential candidate ___________ but he was not in the flight during that time.
Cesar Gaviria
A drug cartel operated principally in the north of the Valle Del Cauca region of Columbia.
NORTE DEL VALLE CARTEL (North Valley Cartel)
It rose to prominence during the second half of the 1900’s after the Cali and Medellin cartel fragmented.
NORTE DEL VALLE CARTEL (North Valley Cartel)
NORTE DEL VALLE CARTEL (North Valley Cartel) leading drug lords included:
Diego Leon Montoya Sanchez “Don Diego”, Wilber Valera “Jabon” (soap), and Hernando Gomez Bustamante “Rasguno” (scratch)
The Cartel began to dissolve in ________ and gave rise to several newly independent criminal drug organizations.
2007
Founded by the four Beltran Leyva brothers, Arturo, Carlos, Alfredo and Hector.
BELTRAN LEYVA
Formerly aligned with the Sinaloa cartel.
BELTRAN LEYVA
Originally, they are aligned with the Sinaloa Cartel lead by Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman, but they slip form the Sinaloa Cartel in 2008 forming independent organization and they named it as __________.
BELTRAN LEYVA
According to the US Drug Enforcement Agency’s 2018 National Drug Threat Assessment. The subgroups rely on alliances with the Jalisco New Generation Cartel, the
______ and ______.
Juarez Cartel and Los Zetas.
Based in Matamoros, Tamaulipas, it started in 1920. It split with its enforcers, Los Zetas, by 2010, and the fallout between the two groups has been called the “most violent in the history of organized crime in Mexico,” according to a 2018 Congressional Research Service report. The cartel is now splintered into small, competing gangs.
GULF CARTEL
Gulf Cartel is based in?
Matamoros, Tamaulipas
Gulf Cartel was started in?
1920
Gulf Cartel split with its enforcers, Los Zetas, by 2010, and the fallout between the two groups has been called the “_______________ according to a 2018 Congressional Research Service report.
most violent in the history of organized crime in Mexico
What is the main product of Gulf Cartel?
cocaine, marijuana and methamphetamine (shabu)
They are also participated in the different criminal activities like, human trafficking, extortion, and theft.
Gulf Cartel
Gulf Cartel are also participated in the different criminal activities like?
human trafficking, extortion, and theft
It is founded by Juan Nepomuceno Guerra and died in respiratory disease in his 85 years of age.
Gulf Cartel
Gulf Cartel It is founded by ____________ and died in respiratory disease in his 85 years of age.
Juan Nepomuceno Guerra
The Gulf Cartel was founded by Juan Nepomuceno Guerra in the 1930’s.
1930’s
Assumed control on the drug trafficking business of his uncle Juan Nepomuceno Guerra.
Juan Garcia Abrego
Split from the Sinaloa Cartel in 2010, it is “one of the most powerful and fastest growing in Mexico and the United States,” according to the DEA assessment.
JALISCO NEW GENERATION
The Mexican government has warned it’s one of the most dangerous cartels in the country, especially after it shot down a military helicopter in _________.
May 2015
Who is the leader of JALISCO NEW GENERATION?
Rubén Oseguera Cervantes, known as “El Mencho,”
What are the main products of JALISCO NEW GENERATION?
fentanyl, heroine, methamphetamine (shabu), and cocaine.
He is a police officer, then he became drug leader or the drug syndicate leader.
Rubén Oseguera Cervantes
Formerly aligned with the Sinaloa Cartel, and then began fighting it for control of Ciudad Juarez and the state of Chihuahua.
JUAREZ CARTEL
JUAREZ CARTEL is formerly aligned with the Sinaloa Cartel, and then began fighting it for control of ________.
Ciudad Juarez and the state of Chihuahua.
A leading organization in the boarder of Mexico and the USA particularly in Texas.
JUAREZ CARTEL
JUAREZ CARTEL a leading organization in the boarder of Mexico and the USA particularly in _______.
Texas
JUAREZ CARTEL is headed by _________ and was
succeeded by ____________ but the former boss was ___________ who mysteriously died in July 1997.
Juan Jose Esparragoza Moreno a.k.a. “El Azul” ; Ricardo Garcia Urquiza ; Amado Carrillo Fuentes
Amado Carrillo Fuentes mysteriously died in __________.
July 1997
What is the main product of Juarez Cartel?
Cocaine
He is one of the key figures within the organization and he is the mastermind in the drug syndicate, because of his ability to have internal connections with other cartels.
Juan Jose Esparragoza Moreno a.k.a. “El Azul”
The group has lost considerable power in 2014, after kasi ng death ni Amado Carrillo Fuentes pinalitan siya ng kapatid niya na si _________.
Vicente Carrillo Fuentes
Based in the Michoacan state. Possibly defunct as of 2011.
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
It announced it would disband in 2010, but some cells are still active in Guerrero and Mexico states, according to the Congressional Research Service report.
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
The La Familia Michoacana other name or the other term is ____________.
La Nueva Familia Michoacana
They are responsible for smuggling illicit drugs in the United States.
LA FAMILIA MICHOACANA
What is the main product of La Familia Michoacana?
Rainbow Fentanyl
Comprised of former elite members of the Mexican military.
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
Initially they worked as hit men for the Gulf Cartel, before becoming independent.
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
The group has a reputation for being particularly savage and is known for massacres, killing civilians, leaving body parts in public places and posting killings on the internet.
LOS ZETAS CARTEL
LOS ZETAS CARTEL roup’s main asset is not drugs, but organized violence, including ________, ________, _______, and _________ according to the Congressional Research Report.
theft, extortion, human smuggling and kidnapping
Los Zetas Cartel founded by?
Osiel Cárdenas Guillén
The Los Zetas particularly founded on ______after the Gulf Cartel has been disbanded.
1999
Osiel Ca rdenas Guillen was _______when he died, and he led the Los Zetas until _____.
57 years of age ; 2003
Considered to be the dominant drug trafficking organization in Mexico.
SINALOA CARTEL
SINALOA CARTEL was founded and led by __________, who was arrested in 2014, escaped in July 2015, and rearrested in January 2016.
Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman
Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman was convicted in a ______ in _________.
US federal court ; February 2019
He was convicted in a US federal court in February 2019.
Joaquin “El Chapo” Guzman
The cartel may now be operating “with a more horizontal leadership structure than previously thought,” according to the US DEA report.
SINALOA CARTEL
What is the main product of Sinaloa Cartel?
cocaine, heroin, methamphetamine (shabu) and marijuana.
Sinaloa Cartel was established in the _______.
1980’s
It is also known as “Arellano Felix Organization” (AFO), from eh time it was led by the family of Ramon Eduardo Arellano Felix but it was founded by Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo who was incarcerated in 1989.
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL also known as?
“Arellano Felix Organization” (AFO)
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL or also known as “Arellano Felix Organization” (AFO), from eh time it was led by the family of _______ but it was founded by _______ who was incarcerated in 1989.
Ramon Eduardo Arellano Felix ; Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo
Miguel Angel Felix Gallardo who was incarcerated in?
1989
It is a family run drug cartel and known for familial leadership.
TIJUANA/ARELLANO FELIX CARTEL
The Philippines is fast emerging not only as a major transshipment point for the world-wide distribution of illegal drugs such as _____ and ______ from Taiwan and South America, but also one of the world’s major supplier of marijuana.
shabu and cocaine
The Philippines has become one of the major transshipment points for the International Drug Syndicates. Several factors contribute to this role of the Philippines as a major conduit for illegal drugs in Asia. Because of the following reason:
easily penetrable airports in the country
long Philippine shorelines
strategically located
The Philippines has become a target market for illicit drugs manufactured overseas. ___________ continues to be smuggled into the
country through its airports, seaports, and mail and parcel services due to the country’s porous border and long coastlines.
Methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu
Have been identified to be primarily responsible for the recruitment of Filipino drug couriers who smuggle drugs to and from other Asian countries.
African Drug Syndicates (ADS)
These drug couriers try to conceal drugs by ingesting the substance in capsules, hiding drugs in cartons of milk, shoe boxes, books, bottles, and the secret compartments of bags and luggage.
African Drug Syndicates (ADS)
African Drug Syndicates (ADS) are drug couriers try to conceal drugs by ingesting the substance in:
capsules, hiding drugs in cartons of milk, shoe boxes, books, bottles, and the secret compartments of bags and luggage
Where is the hub of ADS?
Baguio City
Dominate the country’s illegal drug trade by smuggling and manufacturing drugs in bulk. These activities ensure the abundant supply of illegal drugs in the Philippine market.
The Chinese/Filipino-Chinese drug syndicates
The Chinese/Filipino- Chinese drug groups are further responsible for the establishment of?
clandestine laboratories and illegal chemical
warehouses nationwide.
This powerful cartel was believed to have penetrated the country.
The Mexican Sinaloa Cartel
Critical Places involves __________ as the major hub of shabu production in the country
National Capital Region
_________ is the concentration of Marijuana cultivation.
Northern Luzon
The Green Triangle:
Benguet, Mountain Province, and Kalinga, including the borders of La Union and Ilocos Sur
