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MRI Med Term > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

zygote

A

single fertilized cell

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2
Q

oocyte

A

egg

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3
Q

cytology

A

study of cell structure and function

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4
Q

cytosol

A

intracellular fluid

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5
Q

nucleus

A

largest organelle

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6
Q

chromatin

A

thin strands made up of DNA and proteins

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7
Q

chromosomes

A

chromatin’s condensed form when cells divide

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8
Q

ribosomes

A

organelles involved in the manufacture of protein from simple materials

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9
Q

anabolism

A

creation of ribosomes

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10
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

organelle that manufactures steroids, cholesterol and other lipids and proteins

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11
Q

lysosomes

A

organelles that are the garbage disposal units of the cell (digest and dispose worn-out organelles)

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12
Q

mitochondria

A

IS THE POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL

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13
Q

catabolism

A

mitochondria extracting energy via breaking down compounds (glucose & fat)

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14
Q

Connective tissue

A

bind, support, protect, fill spaces & store fat
(widely distributed in blood, bone, cartilage & fat)

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15
Q

epithelial tissue

A

protect, secrete, absorb, excrete
(cover body surface & line internal organs, and compose glands)

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16
Q

muscle tissue

A

movement

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17
Q

nervous tissue

A

transmit impulses for coordination, sensory reception & motor actions

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18
Q

bone

A

hardest connective tissue due to calcium

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19
Q

osteoblasts

A

deposit bone matrix in concentric patterns around a central canal containing a blood vessel

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20
Q

osteocytes

A

former osteoblasts that maintain bone matrix

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21
Q

osteoclasts

A

dissolve bone matrix to release calcium and phosphate into the blood when they’re needed elsewhere

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22
Q

cartilage

A

shock absorber between bones

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23
Q

ligaments

A

strips or bands of connective tissue

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24
Q

tendons

A

thick strong ligaments that attach muscle to bone

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25
Q

joint capsule

A

encloses joint cavity, made of thin collagenous fibrous tissue

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26
Q

synovial membrane

A

secretes synovial fluid & lines joint capsules

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27
Q

muscle tissue

A

stabilizes knee joint

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28
Q

integumentary system

A

skin, nails, hair, sweat glands & sebaceous glands

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29
Q

skeletal system

A

bones, ligaments, cartilages & tendons

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30
Q

muscular system

A

muscles

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31
Q

nervous system

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves & sense organsen

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32
Q

endocrine system

A

glands that secrete hormones: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, ovaries, testes, pineal & thymus

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33
Q

cardiovascular

A

heart & blood vessels

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34
Q

lymphatic system

A

lymph vessels and nodes, thymus & spleen

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35
Q

digestive system

A

mouth, tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small & large intestines

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36
Q

respiratory system

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi & lungs

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37
Q

urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder & urethra

38
Q

reproductive systems

A

male: scrotum, testes, epididymites, vas deferens, seminal vesicles,prostate, bulbour

39
Q

nucleotide

A

base, sugar & phosphate

40
Q

4 chemical DNA bases

A

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine & Thymine

41
Q

epigenetics

A

study of disorders produced by the effects of chemical compounds or environmental influences

42
Q

gene

A

functional unit of heredity on a chromosome

43
Q

phenotype

A

manifestation of a genome

44
Q

genome

A

complete set of chromosomes

45
Q

Personalized medicine

A

designed to meet someone’s individual needs

46
Q

cytogenetics

A

study of chromosomal abnormalities in a cell

47
Q

dysmorphology

A

study of developmental structural defects

48
Q

dysmorphic

A

possessing a developmental structural defect

49
Q

embryo

A

developing organism from conception until the end of the 8th week

50
Q

fetus

A

human organism from end of 8th week to birth

51
Q

predictive

A

likelihood of a disease or disorder being present or occurring in the future

52
Q

prenatal

A

before birth

53
Q

therapy

A

systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction or disorder

54
Q

theraputic

A

curing or capable of curing a disorder or a disease

55
Q

anatomy

A

structure of the human body

56
Q

anatomic

A

pertaining to anatomy

57
Q

anterior

A

front surface of the body; situated in front

58
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to or nearer to the tail

59
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to or nearer to the head

60
Q

coronal

A

pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior positions

61
Q

distal

A

situated away from the center of the body

62
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back; situated behind

63
Q

frontal

A

in front; anterior of the body

64
Q

inferior

A

situated below

65
Q

posterior

A

pertaining to the back; situated behind

66
Q

prone

A

lying face down/ flat on your abdomen

67
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest center of the body

68
Q

saggital

A

pertaining to the vertical plane through the body; right & left portions

69
Q

superior

A

situated above

70
Q

supine

A

lying face up; flat on your spine

71
Q

transverse

A

horizontal plane; upper & lower portions

72
Q

ventral

A

abdomen; situated nearer the surface of the abdomen

73
Q

cranial cavity

74
Q

thoracic cavity

A

heart, lungs, thymus gland, trachea& esophagus

75
Q

abdominal cavity

A

separated from thoracic cavity by diaphragm/ stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas & kidneys

76
Q

pelvic cavity

A

surrounded by pelvic bones & contains urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, rectum, anus & internal reproductive organs

77
Q

spinal cavity

A

spinal cord

78
Q

abdomen

A

part of the trunk between thorax and pelvis

79
Q

abdominal

A

pertaining to the abdomen

80
Q

cavity

A

hollow space or body compartment

81
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

82
Q

diaphragm

A

musculomembranous partition separation the abdominal and thoracic cavities

83
Q

epigastric

A

region above the stomach

84
Q

epigastrium

A

upper central region of abdomen located between costal margins & subcostal plane

85
Q

hypochondriac

A

below cartilage below the ribs

86
Q

hypogastric

A

abdominal region below stomach

87
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin

88
Q

lumbar

A

region in back & sides between ribs & pelvis

89
Q

pelvic

A

pertaining to pubic bone

90
Q

umbilical

A

around the umbilicus or center of the abdomen

91
Q

umbilicus

A

pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus

MRI Med Term (5 decks)

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