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MRI Med Term > chapter 14 > Flashcards

chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

orthopedic surgeons (orthopedists)

A

physicians who deal with the prevention, correction, disorders & injuries of the skeletal system

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2
Q

osteopathic physicians (osteopathy)

A

doctorate in osteopathy, additional training on skeletal system and how it affects the body

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3
Q

physiatrists

A

physicians specializing in physical medicine and rehabilitation

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4
Q

chiropractors (DCs)

A

focus on manual adjustments of joints

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5
Q

physical therapists (PT)

A

diagnose and treat injuries or other health conditions to improve a patient’s ability to move, reduce pain, restore function & prevent disability

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6
Q

Physical therapist assistants (PTA)

A

assist physical therapists

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7
Q

orthopedic technologists & technicians

A

assist orthopedic surgeons

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8
Q

podiatrists

A

practitioners in diagnosis & treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot

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9
Q

orthotists

A

make and fit orthopedic appliances (orthotics)

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10
Q

4 components of the skeletal system

A

bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

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11
Q

what bones hold up the body?

A

vertebral column, pelvis & legs

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12
Q

what does cartilage support?

A

nose, ears & ribs

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13
Q

what do tendons support?

A

muscle to bone

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14
Q

what do ligaments support?

A

hold bones together

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15
Q

4 classes to describe bones

A

long, short, flat & irregular

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16
Q

How do genes affect bone growth?

A

determine size & shape at ultimate adult height

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17
Q

How does nutrition affect bone growth?

A

calcium & phosphorous are needed to develop good bone density

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18
Q

How does exercise affect bone growth?

A

increases bone density & total bone mass

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19
Q

How does mineral deposition affect bone growth?

A

calcium & phosphate are taken from plasma & deposited into bone

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20
Q

How does mineral resorption affect bone growth?

A

calcium & phosphate are released from bone back into plasma when they are needed elsewhere

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21
Q

How do vitamins affect bone growth?

A

Vitamin A activates osteoblasts
Vitamin C is essential for collagen synthesis
Vitamin D stimulates absorption of calcium & phosphate, its transport, and its deposition into bones

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22
Q

What are the factors that affect bone growth?

A

genes, nutrition, exercise, mineral deposition, mineral resorption, vitamins & hormones

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23
Q

most common type of bone in the body

A

long bones

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24
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft of a long bone

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25
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone (expanded to provide extra surface area for attachment of ligaments & tendons

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26
Q

metaphysis

A

thin area sandwiched between diaphysis & epiphysis

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27
Q

epiphysial plate

A

growth plate, found at the end of long bones in children & adolescents

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28
Q

epiphysial line

A

growth plate line; marks the site of a former growth plate in a long bone

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29
Q

periosteum

A

tough connective tissue sheath that covers the outer surface of all bones; protects bone & anchors blood vessels & nerves to the surface of the bone

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30
Q

medullary cavity

A

hollow cylinder inside diaphysis

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31
Q

marrow

A

fatty tissue that contains blood cells in different stages of development

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32
Q

endosteum

A

thin membrane inside medullary cavity

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33
Q

osteoblasts

A

cells that produce the matrix of new bone tissue

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34
Q

osteogenesis

A

the process in which osteoblasts produce the matrix of new bone tissue

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35
Q

bone matrix

A

consists of cells, collagen fibers, a gel that supports and suspends the fibers & calcium phosphate crystals that give bone its hardness

36
Q

cortex

A

outer portion of an organ, such as bone

37
Q

cortical

A

pertaining to the cortex

38
Q

haverslan canals

A

vascular canals in bone

39
Q

lacuna

A

small space or cavity within matrix of bone

40
Q

osteoclast

A

bone removing cell

41
Q

osteocyte

A

bone maintaining cell

42
Q

osteogenesis

A

creation of new bone

43
Q

osteoporosis

A

condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle and fragile & are more likely to fracture

44
Q

fibrous joints

A

two bones tightly bound together by bands of fibrous tissue with no joint space

45
Q

types of fibrous joints

A

sutures, syndesmosis, gomphoses

46
Q

suture joint

A

between bones of the skull

47
Q

syndesmosis joint

A

joining of 2 bones with fibrous ligaments. movement is minimal (above ankle where tibia and fibula are attached)

48
Q

gomphoses joint

A

pegs that fit into sockets and are held in place by collagen fibers (teeth)

49
Q

cartilaginous joints

A

join two bones with cartilage

50
Q

synchondroses joint

A

join two bones with hyaline cartilage ; little to no movement (ribs and costal cartilages)

51
Q

symphyses joints

A

join two bones with fibrocartilage (pubis, where two pubic bones meet at the front of your pelvis)

52
Q

synovial joints

A

contain synovial fluid as a lubricant and allow considerable movement (most joints in legs and arms) ;ends of the bones are covered with hyaline articular cartilage

53
Q

articulation

54
Q

bursa

A

a closed sac containing synovial fluid

55
Q

fibrocartilage

A

cartilage containing collagen fibers

56
Q

how many bones in the vertebral column

A

26 bones divided into 5 regions

57
Q

cervical region (build)

A

7 vertebrae C1-C7 curved anteriorly

58
Q

thoracic region (build)

A

12 vertebrae T1-T12 curved posteriorly

59
Q

lumbar region (build)

A

5 vertebrae L1-L5 curved anteriorly

60
Q

sacral region (build)

A

one bone curved posteriorly

61
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone; one bone curved posteriorly

62
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck region

63
Q

frontalbone

A

forehead and roofs of orbits and contains a pair of right and left frontal sinuses above the orbits

64
Q

parietal bones

A

(2) form bulging sides and roof of the cranium

65
Q

occipital bone

A

forms the back of and part of the base of the cranium

66
Q

temporal bones

A

(2) forms the sides and part of the base of the cranium

67
Q

sphenoid bone

A

forms part of the base of the cranium and the orbits

68
Q

ethmoid bone

A

forms part of the nose and the orbits and is hollow, forming the ethmoid sinuses

69
Q

maxillary bones

A

(2) form the upper jaw, hold the upper teeth and are hollow, forming maxillary sinuses

70
Q

palatine bones

A

(2) located behind maxilla

71
Q

zygomatic bones

A

(2) form the prominences of the cheeks below the eyes

72
Q

lacrimal bones

A

(2) form the medial wall of each eye orbit

73
Q

nasal bones

A

(2) form sides and bridge of nose

74
Q

vomer bone

A

separates 2 nasal cavities

75
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

fragile bones in lower nasal cavity

76
Q

mandible

A

lower jawbone; holds lower teeth

77
Q

cranium

A

upper part of skull; encloses and protects brain

78
Q

ethmoid bone

A

forms the back of the nose and part of the orbits and encloses numerous air cells, forming ethmoid sinuses

79
Q

pectoral (shoulder) girdle

A

connects axial skeleton to the upper limbs and helps with the movements of the upper limb

80
Q

bones of pectoral girdle

A

scapulae & clavicles

81
Q

carpus

A

collective term for eight carpal bones of the wrist

82
Q

clavicle

A

curved bone that forms anterior part of the pectoral girdle

83
Q

humerus

A

single bone of upper arm

84
Q

metacarpal

A

5 bones between the carpus and fingers

85
Q

sacroiliac joints

A

2 joints between the hip bones and the sacrum

MRI Med Term (5 decks)

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