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Product Design > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Summarise the Waste Electrical and Electronics (WEEE) directive

A

A directive that aims to reduce the EEE being created, and to use materials in EEE effectively.

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2
Q

What does the WEEE directive do currently?

A

Requires manufacturers to have a take back scheme and that all EEE is labelled with the crossed out wheelie bin symbol.

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3
Q

Summarise the EU Ambient Regulation Act

A

A set of directives that aim to reduce the effects of air pollution on human health & the environment.

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4
Q

What does the EU Ambient Regulation Act do?

A

It sets standards for 12 different air pollutants (e.g. sulphur dioxide & arsenic) and has established lots of air quality monitoring stations to ensure air quality is within safe limits.

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5
Q

What are the aims of the UK Climate Change Act of 2008?

A

To reduce the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions by 80% of the 1990 levels by 2050.

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6
Q

Summarise the purpose of the EU Ecolabel

A

Help consumers buy products that are actually sustainable.

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7
Q

What does the UK Climate Change Act of 2008 require?

A

For the government to regularly asses the risks of climate change to the UK and to set policies to meet its objectives.

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8
Q

What does the EU Ecolabel currently do?

A

Awards a label to products that meet requirements concerning carbon emissions, durability, ease of repair/recycling and more.

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9
Q

Summarise the Paris Agreement

A

An international treaty on climate change that aims to keep global temperature rise this century below 2°C.

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10
Q

Summarise the EU Renewable Energy Directive

A

A directive that requires 42.5% of energy consumed in the EU to be renewable by 2030.

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11
Q

Summarise the EU Timber Regulation Act (EUTR)

A

An act which aims to counter illegal logging in timber/timber products (which would lead to deforestation!).

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12
Q

Summarise the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive

A

A directive that restricts the use of 10 hazardous materials in the manufacture of various electronic parts.

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13
Q

Name three substances that the RoHS directive restricts

A

Cadmium, lead and mercury

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14
Q

What is the difference between fair trade and Fairtrade?

A

Fair trade is a concept that supports justice in international trade. Fairtrade is a certification system that enforces this concept.

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15
Q

What are 5 of the 10 principles of fair trade?

A

Opportunities for producers, fair payment, capacity building, good working conditions, no child/forced labour

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16
Q

What does Fairtrade do to enforce the 10 principles?

A

Producers can sell their products with the Fairtrade certificate, sets social, economic and environmental standards, provides the Fairtrade Premium which workers & farmers can draw from to improve their conditions.

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17
Q

What is a criticism of fair trade?

A

Farmers within a Fair Trade cooperative can only sell their Fair Trade products through that cooperative, so they have little control.

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18
Q

Define carbon footprint

A

The amount of carbon dioxide produced by a product throughout its lifespan.

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19
Q

What is the Ethical Trade Initiative (ETI)?

A

An alliance of trade unions, NGOs & companies that all follow a base code to advance human rights in global supply chains.

20
Q

How does ETI intend to achieve its aims?

A

Promoting sustainable and fair working practices and raise awareness to reduce the production of non-ethical products.

21
Q

Define linear economy

A

A ‘cradle to grave’ approach in which after use, a product is thrown away and not reused.

22
Q

Define circular economy

A

A ‘cradle to cradle’ approach in which products are repaired, reused and recycled. No waste is produced.

23
Q

Give an example of a product that follows the circular economy

A

Fairphone: has modular components that can be easily replaced and are made from almost entirely recycled materials.

24
Q

Define social footprint

A

The impact a product has on people/communities

25
Q

Name the stages in a life cycle assessment (LCA)

A

Extraction of raw materials, processing, manufacturing, use, disposal and transportation.

26
Q

Define planned obsolescence, and why is it used?

A

A product is designed to break prematurely to bring the user back to a company to buy a replacement.

27
Q

Give an example of a product that uses planned obsolescence

A

iPhone: is designed to be difficult to repair so it is thrown away and replaced after breaking.

28
Q

Define sustainable development

A

Meeting the needs of current generations without compromising the needs of future generations.

29
Q

What is Just in Time (JIT) manufacturing?

A

Materials are delivered to the manufacturer only when they are needed.

30
Q

What are the pros & cons of JIT manufacturing?

A

Reduced cost of storage, reduced waste, reduced response times to consumers. Halts production of a shipment doesn’t show up.

31
Q

Name the 6 Rs

A

Rethink, Reuse, Rethink, Recycle, Refuse, Reduce.

32
Q

What is Design For Disassembly (DFD)?

A

A product is designed to be taken apart, often used to support repair.

33
Q

Give an example of a product that uses DFD

A

Dualit toasters are designed to be taken apart and repaired easily.

34
Q

What is the difference between tidal and wave energy.

A

Tidal energy uses an underwater turbine, while wave energy follows the up & down motion of the waves.

35
Q

Define upcycling

A

Repurposing an old product to perform a different function, for example using a tin can as a plant pot.

36
Q

Define globalisation

A

The process by which organisations start operating at an international scale.

37
Q

What are three positives of globalisation?

A

Resources can be distributed to where there is a shortage, more jobs in developing countries, strengthens economic relations with other countries.

38
Q

What are three negatives of globalisation?

A

Big companies can take advantage of poorer countries, human rights violations may occur, can cause conflict between countries.

39
Q

What effects does geothermal energy have on the environment?

A

Carbon footprint from set up, seismic activity from drilling, releases harmful gases.

40
Q

What is a negative of solar energy?

A

Solar panels are difficult to dispose of sustainably.

41
Q

What is a positive of coal energy?

A

It has a very high energy density.

42
Q

What is a negative of wind energy?

A

Energy is not produced all the time, so must be stored somehow.

43
Q

What can be used for biomass energy?

A

Methane from animal waste, plant waste and landfill.

44
Q

Define optimisation

A

Identifying the best choices from design alternatives in terms of optimum use of materials, manufacturability and ease of assembly.

45
Q

Define lead time

A

The total time required for item manufacture.

Product Design (3 decks)

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