Chapter 3 Flashcards
Any matter made a part of the document after its original preparation.
Addition
Conclusion in legal term referred to as ____.
Opinion
One who studies scientifically the details and elements of documents to identify their source or to discover other facts concerning them.
Document Examiners
Document Examiners are often referred to as _____.
Handwriting identification experts
The removal of writings, typewriting or printing from a document.
Erasure
Two types of erasure from a document.
*Chemical eradication
*Abrasive erasure
The writing is removed or bleached by chemical agents.
Chemical eradication
The writing is effaced by rubbing with a rubber eraser or scratching out with a knife or other sharp with implement.
Abrasive erasure
It is the act of making a close and critical study of any material and with questioned document.
Examination
A legal term used to describe a witness who by reason of his special training or experience is permitted to express an opinion regarding the issue, or a certain aspect of the issue, which is involved in court action.
Expert witness
Is Document Examiners are considered as expert witness?
Yes
Two types of addition in Questioned Document.
Insertion and Interlineation
It is a type of addition where he make part of the whole page.
Insertion
A types of addition where he changes a small part in a document.
Interlineation
It is the blotting out or shearing over the writing to make the original invisible to as an addition and known as “overwriting”
Obliteration
It means that the source or authorship of the compared questioned and standard specimens is different.
Non-Indentification
Any document completely written and signed by one person.
Holographic Document
They analyzes any questioned document and is capable of more than just questions of authorship limited only by their access to laboratory equipment.
Questioned Document Examiners
A work involving the verification of age and worth of a document or object.
Historical dating
A work that often overlaps with that of the document examiner and focuses on the money trail and criminal intent.
Fraud Investigators
These are public or private experts who date, type, source, and/or catalogue various types of paper, watermarks, ink printing/copy/fax machines, computer cartridges, using chemical methods.
Paper and Ink specialist
These are public or private experts who analyze altered, obliterated, changed or doctored documents and photos using infrared lighting, expensive spectrography equipment, or digital enhancement techniques.
Forgery specialists
These are usually psychology experts who assess personality traits from handwriting samples, by looking wt semantics, spelling, word choice, syntax and phraseology.
Handwriting analyst
This refers to the method of characterizing handwriting by measurement of the proportionate values of the angle and ratio of the heights and widths of letters.
Graphometry
