Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the 4 biomolecules?

Answer 1

1. Nucleic Acids
2. Carbohydrates
3. Lipids
4. Proteins

Question 2

Nucleic Acids

Answer 2

Organic molecules that primarily provide instructions for building, maintaining, continuing and propagating.
*Monomer: Nucleotide
*Polymer: Nucleic Acid (DNA/RNA)
*Bonds: Hydrogen Bonds

Question 3

Carbohydrates

Answer 3

Organic molecules that are composed of one or more simple sugars.
*Monomer: Monosaccharide
*Polymer: Polysaccharide
*Bonds: Glycosidic Bonds

Question 4

Monosaccharides contain:
(one sugar molecule)

Answer 4

Glucose
Frucose
Glasctose

Question 5

Disaccharides contains:
(two sugar molecules)

Answer 5

Sucrose
Lactose
Maltose

Question 6

Polysaccharides contains:
(ten or more sugar molecules)

Answer 6

Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose

Question 7

Lipids

Answer 7

Group of organic compounds whose primary fans are to insulate body organs, build cell membranes and provides stored energy
(Insoluble in water, but soluble in other liquids and organic solvents)
*Monomer: Fatty acid chains, glyccerol
*Polymer: Variable
*Bonds: Generic Covalent bonds

Question 8

Proteins

Answer 8

Proteins are a class of nitrogenous organic compounds; basic structural material of the body.
*Monomer: Amino acids
*Polymer: Polypeptides
*Bonds: Peptide Bond

Question 9

Enzymes

Answer 9

1. Catabolic or anabolic
2. Speed up rates of biochemical reactions
3. Lowers the activation energy of biochem reactions
   4.Remain unchanges after particpating in reactions

Question 10

What do enzymes do?

Answer 10

They lower activation energy and speed up reaction

Question 11

Enzymes will always end with?

Answer 11

-ase
Ex: Lactase

Question 12

Name the Membrane bound organelles

Answer 12

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Golgi Apparatus
3. Lysosomes
4. Peroxisomes
5. Mitochondria

Question 13

Name the non-membrane organelles

Answer 13

1. Ribosomes
2. Centrosomes
3. Proteasomes
4. Cytoskeleton

Question 14

What are the structures of cells external surface?

Answer 14

1. Cilia
2. Flahgella
3. Microvilli

Question 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 16

Rough E.R

Answer 16

Used to make proteins (has ribosomes)

Question 17

Smooth E.R

Answer 17

-Used to make lipids (fats)
-Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 18

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 18

-Packs, modify and sort proteins
-Formation of vesicles

Question 19

Lysosomes

Answer 19

-Contain digestive enzymes
-Formed by golgi

Question 20

Peroxisomes

Answer 20

-Role in chemical digestion
-Used to break down molecules, fatty acids and amino acids w/ hydrogen peroxide

Question 21

Mitochodria

Answer 21

Power house used to make ATP (energy)

Question 22

Ribosomes

Answer 22

2 types & Makes proteins
Bound- Attached to external E.R (being released)
Free- Make proteins stay inside the cell

Question 23

Centrosomes

Answer 23

Plays a huge role in cellular divison

Question 24

Proteasomes

Answer 24

Protein digesting organelles

Question 25

Cytoskeleton

Answer 25

Structural support and organization
-Cell division
-Movement
-Intracellular support

Question 26

Cilia

Answer 26

Moves substances along cell surface

Question 27

Flagella

Answer 27

Propels entore cell

Question 28

Microvilli

Answer 28

Increases surface area and helps w/ digestion