Chapter 3 Flashcards
What was unusual about the charter granted to the Massachusetts Bay Company? Why was this significant?
The charter was unusual because
ti did not specify that the company headquarters must remain in England; the Puritans could take the charter to New England and establish a virtually self-governing colony.
How did persecution in England lead to the settlement of the New England colonies?
Increased persecution brought thou- sands of Puritans to New England because they sought religious freedom.
What did Governor John Winthrop mean when
he said the Puritans were to be “a City upon a hill”?
He wanted Massachusetts Bay to be an example of working and living together under God and man.
Why did the Massachusetts Bay colony succeed?
The Massachusetts Bay colony succeeded because the character of
the people was deeply rooted in the teachings of the Bible.
Why was education so important to the Puri- tans? What did they found shortly after arriving in the New World?
Education was important because they wanted everyone to be able to read the Bible to defeat “the old deluder, Satan”; Harvard College in 1636
Name two early colonial missionaries to the Indigenous peoples.
John Eliot and Thomas Mayhew
In your own words, what is the Puritan work ethic? In what ways has the Puritan work ethic been passed down to Americans today?
The Puritan work ethic is the belief that
(1) individuals are called to work,
(2) al work has a sense of nobility, and
(3) a Christian serves God best
by working diligently and faithfully in his calling; it has been passed down to today’s culture because it became an important part of the American character and laid the groundwork for a prosperous economy.
Charles I
issued the charter for the formation of the Massachusetts Bay Company
Boston
city established by the Puritans in 1630
Old Deluder Satan Act
established the first town school system in America
Algonquian Bible
first Bible printed in America
Martha’s Vineyard
an island just of the southeast coast of Massachusetts
where. Thomas Mayhew carried out his mission work
What is considered to be the first written consti- tution ni America? What type of government did it establish for that colony?
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut; a representative government
Compare and contrast Roger Williams’s view of religious freedom with that of the Puritans. Which do you think was better?
While the Puritans desired for church and state to be closely connected, Williams insisted that the Puritans should completely separate from the Church of England and that church officials should not interfere in civil matters and civil officers should not enforce church policies; answers may vary.
What precedent did the Rhode Island colony establish?
political and religious liberty
What was the New England Confederation and what precedent did it set? Why was it formed?
the first voluntary American union, which set a precedent for voluntary union of the colonies; to provide for mutual defense
Why was the Dominion of New England formed? Who formed it?
to tighten control over the colonies; Sir Edmund Andros
When did the Glorious Revolution occur, and why was it important to English history?
1688; ti marked the end of the absolute monarchy ni England and set the stage for parliamentary government
Thomas Hooker
best-known of the Connecticut pioneers who founded Hartford and helped the people of Con- necticut establish their own government
Hartford
settlement founded by Thomas Hooker and location where
the Fundamental Orders of Connecti- cut was drafted
Providence
settlement founded in Rhode Island by Roger Williams
Baptists
religious group that came to Rhode Island and stood for the idea
that political authorities should have no control over the churches and for
religious liberty for all
New Hampshire
New England colony whose land rights were owned by Captain John Mason
Maine
New England colony whose land rights were owned by Sir Ferdinando Gorges
King Philip’s War
war between the Wampanoag and the Ne
William and Mary
the beginning of their reign during the Glorious Revolution marked the end of the absolute monarchy in England
For whom was the Hudson River named?
Henry Hudson
Who purchased Manhattan Island? How much did he pay for it?
Peter Minuit; trading goods worth about twenty-four dollars
What was the patroon system? How did it differ from other systems of colonization ni the thirteen colonies?
a system in which each patroon received a large tract of land in exchange for transporting fifty people to the New World to settle on that land; this system was different from the systems in other colonies because it gave the patroons extensive powers over the land and the people who set- tled it, which limited political freedom
Why did the English resent the Dutch? Who took control of New Netherland and renamed it New York? How did New York eventually become a royal colony?
The English resented the Dutch for several reasons: (1) New Netherland
created a barrier between English colonies in the North and the South. (2) The Dutch had a prosperous fur trade with the Indigenous peoples.
(3) They controlled the harbor at
New Amsterdam, one of the finest on the Atlantic coast. (4) John Cabot’s exploration for England had preceded Henry Hudson’s exploration for the Netherlands; the Duke of York; the DukeofYorkbecamekingofEngland
Who founded New Jersey? How did they attract settlers?
Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley; by offering land oneasy terms and offering religious freedom
Why did William Penn found Pennsylvania? What made it a successful colony?
to create a haven for the Quakers;
religious freedom, a reasonable
degree of self-government, and friendly relations with the Lenape and other tribes
proprietary colony
a colony granted by the king to individual proprietors or owners
Peter Stuyvesant
Dutch governor who surrendered New Netherland to the English
Society of Friends
also called Quakers; religious dissenters; persecuted for their beliefs in England and the colonies; settled in Pennsylvania
Philadelphia
“city of brotherly love”; founded by William Penn
Pennsylvania Dutch
German settlers in Pennsylvania
Delaware
portion of New York that was granted to William Penn to form a new
colony which gave Pennsylvania access to the Atlantic Ocean
For what religious group was the colony of Mary- land founded?
Catholics
Under what family did Maryland become prosperous?
the Calvert family
What did Maryland adopt to maintain religious freedom? How did it make Maryland unlike most other colonies?
a Toleration Act; it granted freedom of worship to all who professed the name of Christ
What were the two settlements of the Carolinas? Why did the Carolinas become separate colonies?
Charles Town and the Albemarle District; they were too far apart and had little in common
What was unique about the Georgia colony’s founding?
The founding of Georgia was unique because it (1) was the last of the
thirteen original colonies to be settled and was settled much later than its predecessors and (2) was not settled for profit but as a benevolent undertaking.
What brought settlers to America? By the end of the colonial period, how was America on the way to becoming anation of freedom and prosperity?
political, economic, and religious freedom; the colonies were unified by their degree of freedom unknown in England
George Calvert
Lord Baltimore; granted territory north of the Poto- mac River
Cecilius Calvert
carried out the colo- nization of Maryland after his father George Calvert’s death
Leonard Calvert
brother of Cecilius Calvert; first governor of Maryland
St. Mary’s
settlement in Maryland established on the shores of the Chesapeake Bay
Savannah
settlement founded in Georgia by James Oglethorpe in 1733
