Chapter 1 Flashcards
What two events during the Middle Ages revived European interest in the Orient?
crusades and Marco Polo’s writings
How did a revival in trade inspire the Renaissance?
Increased trade with the East resulted in an exposure to new ideas, inventions, and cultures.
What invention was most important in bringing Europe out of the Dark Ages? Who introduced it and when?
movable-type printing press; Johann Gutenberg; 1440
Why did the Europeans want an all-water route to Asia?
to make travel easier and safer, to establish direct trade routes, and to bypass the Italians who controlled trade between the East and the West
How did the Renaissance encourage voyages and exploration?
through the advances made in the science of navigation
Who is Leif Erricson?
A Viking from Scandinavia belived to hav landed on the shores of North America around A. D. 1000
What is Christendom?
The nations that professed to be Christians.
What is the middle class?
the merchants and traders
Who is Kublai Khan?
The ruler of China at the time Marco Polo (around 1200 A. D.) was in China
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
He founded a navigation school In mid 1400’s. He was from Portugal.
What was the Protestant Reformation?
Began in 1517. Began a revival of biblical Christianity.
Who is Martin Luther?
Roman Catholic monk who protested false doctrines of the church by nailing his Ninety-five Theses to the church door. Around 1500 A.D.
What is one possible explanation for how the indigenous peoples arrived in the Americas?
a land bridge
What were two facts that Christopher Columbus did not know when he sailed west?
Columbus was unaware of the great distance between Europe and Asia, and he did not realize that North and South America lay between Europe and Asia.
Which nation was the leader in exploration in the 1400’s
Portugal
Who agreed to sponsor Columbus? What nation was Columbus representing when he sailed west?
Ferdinand and Isabella; Spain
Where did Columbus first land in 1492?
San Salvador, an island in the West Indies
Why did Columbus call the inhabitants of the islands he discovered Indians?
He believed he had reached the Indies in the Far East.
Who is credited with first recognizing that the land discovered by Columbus was an unknown continent?
Amerigo Vespucci
What is maize?
corn
What is Arawak and Carib?
Arawak was a friendly tribe
Carib was a tribe of cannibals
What is Cuba?
Island in the west indies
What is Hispaniola?
Name of island that today is called Haiti and the Dominican Republic.
Who was the most famous African to explore the New World?
Estevanico
Who made the first Spanish landing on the North American continent?
Juan Ponce de León
Who sighted the Pacific Ocean? Why was this significant?
Vasco de Balboa; Europeans realized a vast ocean lay between the New World and Far East
Who conquered the Aztecs of Mexico? Who was the powerful ruler of the Aztecs?
Hernando Cortés; Montezuma Il
In what ways was the Aztec civilization similar to the native societies in North America?
similarities-they practiced a pagan religion; differences-they had a written language and had their own form of architecture
What factors contributed to the rivalry between Spain and England?
Queen Elizabeth’s sea dogs, like Sir Francis Drake, and religion
What did the Catholic church undertake to combat the Protestant Reformation?
Counter-Reformation
Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada so important to the colonization of the New World?
England would now be free to lay the groundwork for political and religious freedom in North America.
Who were the conquistadors?
Spanish conquerors who led armies of Spanish soldiers to forcefully subdue the native inhabitants and who brought enslaved Africans to the New World
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
led the first voyage around the world
Francisco Pizarro
conquered the Inca of Peru
Who is Francisco Coronado?
discovered the Grand Canyon
Who was Hernando de Soto?
discovered the Mississippi River
Who was Juan Cabrillo?
Explored the coast of present-day California and possibly Oregon
Who was St. Augustine?
first permanent European settlement in the present-day United States
What is Santa Fe?
Served as the capital of the Spanish colonies in the American Southwest
What is San Diego?
first European settlement in present-day California
What body of water in the New World did the first French explorers come in search of?
Northwest Passage
What group of French Protestants settled on the coasts of South Carolina and Florida?
Huguenots
What was the relationship between the French and the Indigenous peoples?
They developed agood relationship because of the fur trade.
Why did New France fail to become heavily populated?
Most French colonists were hunters and traders and never established
permanent homes; they lacked self-government; and they lacked religious freedom.
What are some ways in which French influence is seen in North America today?
The French influence on North
America can be seen in geographical names, religion, government, customs, and traditions especially in eastern Canada, the Great Lakes region, and the state of Louisiana. New Orleans is probably the best- known city of French heritage in the United States.
Identify Jacques Cartier
Led the expedition that discovered the St. Lawrence River
Identify Quebec
first permanent French settle- ment in the New World; established in 1608
Identify Samuel de Champlain
Father of New France; established Quebec
Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet
led an expedition of the central Mississippi River
Identify Robert Cavelier de La Salle
claimed the entire Mississippi Valley for France and named it “Louisiana”
Identify New Orleans
founded in 1718; proba- bly the best-known city of French heritage in the United States
