Chapter 2 Flashcards
What important change had taken place in England by 1585? How did this change influence the history of the future United States?
England had become a Protestant country; the Bible influenced the men and women who came to America
and the kind of government they established.
How did the three seeds of the English Reformation develop England’s spiritual heritage?
(1) John Wycliffe exposed the unbiblical doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church and had the Bible translated into English,
(2) William Tyndale’s English translation of the New Testament had circulated widely, and
(3) Henry VI broke England’s ties with the Roman Catholic Church.
Who was the first modern European explorer to set foot on the mainland of North America?
John Cabot
What colony was established by Sir Walter Raleigh? What became of Raleigh’s first and second attempts to colonize?
Roanoke; the first colony was abandoned, and the second one disappeared
Which two joint-stock companies were granted a charter to settle Virginia? Which part of Virginia was each supposed to settle?
London Company and the Plymouth Company; the London Company in southern Virginia and the Plymouth Company in northern Virginia
What did John Smith remedy the problem of the common-store system? Upon what Scripture was the policy based?
By establishing the policy that any who would not work should not eat; 2 Thess. 3:10
Why were the Magna Carta and the House Burgesses important political precedents for the English colonies?
The Magna Carta helped prepare England for limited government, and the House of Burgesses established an important precedent for representative government.
Who was Elizabeth I?
queen of England who reigned from 1558 to 1603
Who was Sir Francis Drake?
first Englishman to sail around the world
Who was Sir Humphrey Gilbert?
led two failed attempts to plant colonies in North America
Who was John White?
led the expedition that founded Roanoke; grandfather of Virginia Dare
Who was Virginia Dare
First English child born in America
What is a joint-stock company?
a forerunner of the modern corporation; business- men would invest in a single com- pany to support a colonizing venture
Who was James I?
ing of England who granted a charter allowing two joint-stock companies to undertake colonization in Virginia
Who was John Rolfe?
one of the most famous Virginia settlers; introduced growing tobacco to Virginia colonists; married Pocahontas
Who was Pocahontas?
Powhatan woman who married John Rolfe
What is indentured servants?
those who entered into an agreement by which they had their passage to America paid by established colonists; in return, the servant was obligated
to work for an agreed-upon period of time
What is precedents?
happenings that serve as examples to be followed in the future
What is a royal colony?
a colony owned by the king and administered by his royal governor
Who is Nathaniel Bacon?
led a rebellion against Governor Berkeley and burned Jamestown
Why did the Scrooby congregation go to Leyden? Why did they resolve to leave Holland and sail to the New World?
to escape persecution in England; out of concern for their children’s physical and spiritual health and out of fear of potential war with Catholic Spain and further persecution
Who sponsored the Pilgrims on their trip to the New World?
a group of London businessmen
What serious problem did the Pilgrims face when they landed on November 11?
They landed outside the territory of the London Company and had no basis for civil government.
What is the significance of the Mayflower Compact?
It set an important precedent for representative government.
When did the Pilgrims step ashore? What name did they give the place?
1620; New Plymouth
Identify disscenters.
those who did not conform to the Church of England
Identify Puritans
believed that the Anglican church was too Catholic and wanted
ot “purify” ti from within
Identify Separatists
wanted to withdraw completely from the Anglican church and form their own independent churches
Identify John Robinson.
pastor of a congregation of separatists from Scrooby England
How did the Wampanoag help the Pilgrims? How did the Pilgrims celebrate their help and God’s provision?
They taught the Pilgrims how to hunt, fish, and plant crops; the Pilgrims celebrated by holding a three-day feast which is remembered as the first Thanksgiving.
Who led Plymouth’s defense force?
Miles Standish
What si the first American history book? Who wrote it?
History of Plymouth Plantation; William Bradford
How did the Pilgrims continue the English tradition of limited representative government in New Plymouth?
The General Court was established to pass laws and conduct business. Each town also elected deputies to act as their representatives in the General
Court.
How did the Pilgrims set a precedent for religious freedom?
Plymouth had no established churches, and people were free to attend the church of their choice.
Identify Samoset.
Native American from the Wampanoag Confederacy who welcomed the Pilgrims in English
Identify Squanto.
Native who acted as a guide and interpreter for the Pilgrims
Identify Massasoit.
Chief of the Wampanoag Confederacy who signed a peace treaty with Governor John Carver
Identify John Alden.
a Stranger who rose to high political office within Plymouth
Identify William Brewster.
Served for many years as the pastor of the Pilgrims
Identify John Carver
first governor of New Plymouth
Congregational Church
founded by Separatists in England and became very important in New England
