CHAPTER 3

Question 1

HOW DOES INFO GET PASSED IN THE NEURON?

Answer 1

sensory->inter->motor

Question 2

how does basis of information processes?

Answer 2

Dendrite->cell body->axon->axon terminal

Question 3

sensory neuron

Answer 3

conduct info from the sensory receptors in the body into the spinal cord and brain

Question 4

inter neuron

Answer 4

associate sensory and motor activity in the CNS

Question 5

motor neuron

Answer 5

carry info from the brain and spinal cord out to the body muscles

Question 6

bipolar neuron

Answer 6

(sensory)
found in the retina of the eye
transmit afferent sensory info from the retina light receptors to the neurons that carry info into brains visual center

Question 7

somatosensory neuron

Answer 7

(sensory)
brings sensory info from the body into the spinal cord (a long distance)

Question 8

stellate

Answer 8

a specific type of interneuron

Question 9

purkinje cell

Answer 9

(inter)
distinctive with extremely branched dendrites that form a fan shape

Question 9

pyramidal cell

Answer 9

(inter)
carry info from the cortex to the rest of the brain and spinal cord

Question 10

where do motor neurons reside in

Answer 10

the lower brainstem and spinal cord

Question 11

what must all efferent neurons pass through

Answer 11

motor neurons

Question 12

what happens when a neuron gets exciting or inhibiting?

Answer 12

a neural network can detect sensory info and “decide” what kind of motor response to make to that info

Question 13

how many types of glial cells exist

Answer 13

5

Question 14

ependymal cell

Answer 14

small ovid
secretes cerebrospinal fluid

Question 15

astrocytes

Answer 15

structural support for neurons

Question 16

oligodendroglia cell

Answer 16

wraps tightly around axons to form the myelin sheat
isolates part of the axon and speed up electrical signals

Question 17

Schwann cell

Answer 17

wraps around peripheral nerves to form myelin

Question 18

microglial cell

Answer 18

small, derived from blood, remove dead issue
identify and attack foreign tissue

Question 19

organelles

Answer 19

the internal parts of a cell

Question 20

what are cell products called

Answer 20

protein

Question 21

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer 21

produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
rna travels and is translated to form a protein

Question 22

tumor

Answer 22

an uncontrolled growth of new tissue that in independent of surrounding structure

Question 23

how many axons does a neuron have

Answer 23

ONLY 1

Question 24

How many neurons and glial cells are in the human nervous system

Answer 24

86 billion euros
87 billion glial cells

Question 25

cell membrane

Answer 25

provides protection for a cell

Question 26

what are neurons and glia separated by

Answer 26

extraceullar fluid which is CSF

Question 27

nuclear membrane

Answer 27

serves to separate the chromosomes from the cell’s cytoplasm and other contents.

Question 28

what does the cell membrane separate

Answer 28

The cell membrane separates the intracellular from the extracellular fluid, allowing the cell to function as an independent unit

Question 29

What are genes?

Answer 29

segments of DNA that encode the synthesis of particular proteins. Genes are contained within the chromosomes, the double-helix structures that hold an organism’s entire DNA library.

Question 30

how many chromosomes in human body

Answer 30

A human somatic (body) cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 chromosomes in all

Question 31

protein

Answer 31

is a folded-up polypeptide chain; its shape is important to the function that it serves.

Question 32

channels

Answer 32

Opening in a protein embedded in the cell membrane that allows the passage of ions

Question 33

gate

Answer 33

Protein embedded in a cell membrane that allows substances to pass through the membrane on some occasions but not on others.

Question 34

homozygous

Answer 34

Having two identical alleles for a trait.

Question 35

alleles

Answer 35

the alternative form or versions of a gene.

Question 35

heterozygous

Answer 35

Having two different alleles for the same trait.

Question 36

mutation

Answer 36

Alteration of an allele that yields a different version of its protein.

Question 37

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 37

Inherited birth defect caused by the loss of genes that encode the enzyme necessary for breaking down certain fatty substances; appears 4 to 6 months after birth and results in intellectual disability, physical changes, and death by about age 5.

Question 38

huntington disease

Answer 38

Hereditary disease characterized by chorea (ceaseless involuntary jerky movements) and progressive dementia, ending in death.

Question 39

Down syndrome

Answer 39

Chromosomal abnormality resulting in intellectual impairment and other abnormalities, usually caused by an extra chromosome 21.

Question 40

transgenic animal

Answer 40

Product of technology in which one or more genes from one species is introduced into the genome of another species to be passed along and expressed in subsequent generations.