CHAPTER 3 Flashcards

1
Q

HOW DOES INFO GET PASSED IN THE NEURON?

A

sensory->inter->motor

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2
Q

how does basis of information processes?

A

Dendrite->cell body->axon->axon terminal

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3
Q

sensory neuron

A

conduct info from the sensory receptors in the body into the spinal cord and brain

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4
Q

inter neuron

A

associate sensory and motor activity in the CNS

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5
Q

motor neuron

A

carry info from the brain and spinal cord out to the body muscles

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6
Q

bipolar neuron

A

(sensory)
found in the retina of the eye
transmit afferent sensory info from the retina light receptors to the neurons that carry info into brains visual center

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7
Q

somatosensory neuron

A

(sensory)
brings sensory info from the body into the spinal cord (a long distance)

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8
Q

stellate

A

a specific type of interneuron

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9
Q

purkinje cell

A

(inter)
distinctive with extremely branched dendrites that form a fan shape

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9
Q

pyramidal cell

A

(inter)
carry info from the cortex to the rest of the brain and spinal cord

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10
Q

where do motor neurons reside in

A

the lower brainstem and spinal cord

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11
Q

what must all efferent neurons pass through

A

motor neurons

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12
Q

what happens when a neuron gets exciting or inhibiting?

A

a neural network can detect sensory info and “decide” what kind of motor response to make to that info

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13
Q

how many types of glial cells exist

A

5

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14
Q

ependymal cell

A

small ovid
secretes cerebrospinal fluid

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15
Q

astrocytes

A

structural support for neurons

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16
Q

oligodendroglia cell

A

wraps tightly around axons to form the myelin sheat
isolates part of the axon and speed up electrical signals

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17
Q

Schwann cell

A

wraps around peripheral nerves to form myelin

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18
Q

microglial cell

A

small, derived from blood, remove dead issue
identify and attack foreign tissue

19
Q

organelles

A

the internal parts of a cell

20
Q

what are cell products called

21
Q

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A

produce proteins for the rest of the cell to function
rna travels and is translated to form a protein

22
Q

tumor

A

an uncontrolled growth of new tissue that in independent of surrounding structure

23
Q

how many axons does a neuron have

24
How many neurons and glial cells are in the human nervous system
86 billion euros 87 billion glial cells
25
cell membrane
provides protection for a cell
26
what are neurons and glia separated by
extraceullar fluid which is CSF
27
nuclear membrane
serves to separate the chromosomes from the cell's cytoplasm and other contents.
28
what does the cell membrane separate
The cell membrane separates the intracellular from the extracellular fluid, allowing the cell to function as an independent unit
29
What are genes?
segments of DNA that encode the synthesis of particular proteins. Genes are contained within the chromosomes, the double-helix structures that hold an organism’s entire DNA library.
30
how many chromosomes in human body
A human somatic (body) cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 chromosomes in all
31
protein
is a folded-up polypeptide chain; its shape is important to the function that it serves.
32
channels
Opening in a protein embedded in the cell membrane that allows the passage of ions
33
gate
Protein embedded in a cell membrane that allows substances to pass through the membrane on some occasions but not on others.
34
homozygous
Having two identical alleles for a trait.
35
alleles
the alternative form or versions of a gene.
35
heterozygous
Having two different alleles for the same trait.
36
mutation
Alteration of an allele that yields a different version of its protein.
37
Tay-Sachs disease
Inherited birth defect caused by the loss of genes that encode the enzyme necessary for breaking down certain fatty substances; appears 4 to 6 months after birth and results in intellectual disability, physical changes, and death by about age 5.
38
huntington disease
Hereditary disease characterized by chorea (ceaseless involuntary jerky movements) and progressive dementia, ending in death.
39
Down syndrome
Chromosomal abnormality resulting in intellectual impairment and other abnormalities, usually caused by an extra chromosome 21.
40
transgenic animal
Product of technology in which one or more genes from one species is introduced into the genome of another species to be passed along and expressed in subsequent generations.
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