CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
What does the Cerebrum do?
Responsible for conscious behaviors
What are embodied movements?
Movements we make to understand (gestures)
What does the Cerebellum do?
Learning and coordinating our movements
locked in syndrome
a condition in which the brain is intact, functioning, and sensitive to the extra world
Persistent vegetative state (PVS)
are alive and show signs of wakefulness, but are unable to communicate.
Minimally conscious state (MNS)
severe but not complete impairments of awareness
Brains Plasticity
its ability to change in response to a learning experience
Aristotle suggested?
all human intellectual functions are produced by a persons psyche
Mentalism?
Aristotles idea
a persons mind (psyche) is responsible for behavior
Descartes
placed the seat of the mind in the brain and linked the mind to the body
Dualism
Descartes ides that behavior is controlled by two entities, a mind and a body.
mind boy problem?
descartes idea- people who have damaged pineal body still show intelligent behavior
Darwin
animals have traits in common because these traits are passed from parents to offspring
Materialms
Darwins idea
the idea that the workings of the brain and the rest of the nervous system alone fully explain behavior
natural selection
the theory explaining how species evlove and how existing species change over time
phenotype
the characteristics we can see or measure
epigenetic
studies how how gene expression is tuned on and off at different times and how environment and experience influence our behavior through their effects
taxonomy
naming and classifying species by grouping representative organisms (hierarchy)
Nerve Net
has no structure that resembles a brain or spinal cord but consists entirely on neurons that receive sensory information and connects directly to other neurons that move muscles.
Bilateral symmetry
the nervous system on one side of the animal mirror that on the other side
spinal cord
a single nervous system pathway that connects the brain with sensory receptors and muscles.
Ganglia
clusters of neurons that resemble primitive brains and functions somewhat like them in that they are command centers
chordates
a flexible rod that runs the length of the back.
In humans, the notochord (chordate) is present only in the embryo
what happens as chordates evloved limbs
their brains become larger
Cladogram
a chart that displays groups of related organisms as branches on a tree.
Hominid
refers to primates that walk upright, including all forms of humans, living and extinct
EQ (Encephalization quotient)
Jettisons quantive mesure that provides a rough estimate of comparative brain size
Topographic maps
LEFT represent the different functional areas (visions, hearing touch, etc)
connectome maps
RIGHT represent the connections through which each of these regions influence each other
neoteny
process in which juvenile stages of predecessors become adult features of descendants
complex culture
learned behaviors passed from generation to generation through teaching and experience
Founding fathers
Nikolas tinbergen
Konrad Zacharias lorenz
Karl ritter frisch
Animals with Both a bran and spinal cord are called?
chordates
howler monkeys have smaller brains than equally sized spider monkeys. This is because
howler monkeys eat less fruit than spider monkeys
the first humanlike brain evolved
6 million years ago
the encephalization quotient is determined by
relating actual brain size to expected brain size
the study of how genetic expression is related to the environment and experience is known as
epigenetic
