CHAPTER 3 Flashcards
HUHU
An American psychologist who
developed many of the principles
of social learning theory
Albert Bandura (b. 1925)
They see the environment
as the chief impetus for
development
Behaviorists
It is the force or energy with which a body
moves. It is a driving force : impulse
impetus
They suggests that the impetus for
development is bidirectional.
Bandura & Walters (1963)
This means functioning in two directions
Bidirectional -
Bandura called this concept _____ ______—the person acts on the world as the world acts on the person
reciprocal
determinism
This theory means a construction of socially acceptable behaviors
Social Learning Theory
is based on the philosophy that individuals can learn through observing and imitating the observable behaviour
of others
Albert Bandura’s Social learning theory
these Psychologist proposed the social
learning theory as an alternative to the
previous work of fellow psychologist B.F. Skinner, was
famous as a proponent of the behaviourist theory
Albert Bandura and Robert Sears
According to Social Learning theorists, both _____ and _______ _____ interact to affect observable behaviour and the learning process
cognitive and
environmental factors
In cognitive theory, Albert Bandura and Robert Sears agree with the behaviourist learning theories of ________ _________ and ________ ______.
.
operant conditioning and classical conditioning
what are two significant evolution
process ideas in human learning
behaviours:
- In a human society, people learn
behaviour from the environment through the
observational learning
process; - Mediating processes
take place
between the stimulus and response
Bandura studied children in order to
understand how they ______ ____ ______
.
learn from others
.
His studies showed that children
imitate each other because they
observe the actions of others and
copy them This process is called ?
.
observational learning or modeling
It is a key element in how children learn
a language, deal with aggression,
develop a moral sense, and learn
gender-appropriate behaviors.
Imitation of models
It is a method of social cognition
learning that includes knowledge
acquisition through observing
modelling and others’ emotional expressions, attitudes or
behaviour in human society.
Observational learning
It is largely believed that the
observer will ____ ___ _____.
copy the model.
is a key concept in behavioral theories, which focus on how
people learn through their interactions with
the environment
Observational learning
According to these theories, behavior is
shaped by the consequences that follow it.
a behavior is reinforced, it is more likely to
be _______ in the future.
Repeated
Bandura’s emphasis on the ____ __ ______ in observational learning highlights the importance of positive feedback
in shaping behavior
role of
reinforcement
What are the
conditions for
social learning?
- Attention
- Retention
- Reproduction
- Motivation
It is the learner
must first pay attention to
the behavior being
exhibited.
* For example, a high
school student will have
to keenly observe the
game of basketball to be
able to understand the
rules and skillset required
to be a candidate for the
school team
Attention
It is How well the behavior is
remembered. The behavior
may be noticed, but it is not
always remembered, which
obviously prevents imitation. - It is important, therefore, that a memory of the behavior is
formed to be performed later
by the observer.
For example, you
could try reading or
watching a course
before bed and
then testing
yourself in the
morning. You might
find you’ve
managed to retain
the information
overnigh
Retention
This requisite of behavior
concerns the physical
and mental ability of the
individual to copy the
behavior he or she
observed.
For example,
a child may see an
adult basketball
player put on a ball.
Afterwards, when
the kid has a
basketball, he may
try to put a ball like
the adult player.
Reproduction.
This is where People can learn from each other through
observation, imitation and modeling.
For instance, in a classroom model
if a student sees another student
praised by the teacher for doing a
physical task, the first child might
start to engage in the same physical
task too. Similarly, if the child knew
that the other child was punished
for making a mistake in the
physical task, he would avoid that
mistake in his task.
Motivation
Determine how closely the child will pay attention to the model
Attentional
Processes
Determine how well
the child will remember the
model’s behaviour
Retention process
Determine how well the child can reproduce the model’s behavior
Production Processes
Determine how
motivated the child is to
imitate the model
Motivational
Processes
Bandura’s (1989) updated version of social
learning theory is?
social cognitive theory.
The change of name reflects a greater
emphasis on _____ ____as central to development
cognitive process
are at work
as people observe models, learn chunks of
behavior, and mentally put the
chunks together into
complex new
behavior patterns
cognitive process
Bandura’s work led him to
develop the concept of ____ ______, which means
confidence in one’s ability to
perform a task.
self
efficacy
influences
behaviour, including learning.
The more confident we feel
about our abilities, the more
likely we are to try new things.
self
efficacy
