CHAPTER 3

Question 1

An American psychologist who
developed many of the principles
of social learning theory

Answer 1

Albert Bandura (b. 1925)

Question 2

They see the environment
as the chief impetus for
development

Answer 2

Behaviorists

Question 3

It is the force or energy with which a body
moves. It is a driving force : impulse

Answer 3

impetus

Question 4

They suggests that the impetus for
development is bidirectional.

Answer 4

Bandura & Walters (1963)

Question 5

This means functioning in two directions

Answer 5

Bidirectional -

Question 6

Bandura called this concept _____ ______—the person acts on the world as the world acts on the person

Answer 6

reciprocal
determinism

Question 7

This theory means a construction of socially acceptable behaviors

Answer 7

Social Learning Theory

Question 8

is based on the philosophy that individuals can learn through observing and imitating the observable behaviour
of others

Answer 8

Albert Bandura’s Social learning theory

Question 9

these Psychologist proposed the social
learning theory as an alternative to the
previous work of fellow psychologist B.F. Skinner, was
famous as a proponent of the behaviourist theory

Answer 9

Albert Bandura and Robert Sears

Question 10

According to Social Learning theorists, both _____ and _______ _____ interact to affect observable behaviour and the learning process

Answer 10

cognitive and
environmental factors

Question 11

In cognitive theory, Albert Bandura and Robert Sears agree with the behaviourist learning theories of ________ _________ and ________ ______.
.

Answer 11

operant conditioning and classical conditioning

Question 12

what are two significant evolution
process ideas in human learning
behaviours:

Answer 12

1. In a human society, people learn
   behaviour from the environment through the
   observational learning
   process;
2. Mediating processes
   take place
   between the stimulus and response

Question 13

Bandura studied children in order to
understand how they ______ ____ ______
.

Answer 13

learn from others
.

Question 14

His studies showed that children
imitate each other because they
observe the actions of others and
copy them This process is called ?

.

Answer 14

observational learning or modeling

Question 15

It is a key element in how children learn
a language, deal with aggression,
develop a moral sense, and learn
gender-appropriate behaviors.

Answer 15

Imitation of models

Question 16

It is a method of social cognition
learning that includes knowledge
acquisition through observing
modelling and others’ emotional expressions, attitudes or
behaviour in human society.

Answer 16

Observational learning

Question 17

It is largely believed that the
observer will ____ ___ _____.

Answer 17

copy the model.

Question 18

is a key concept in behavioral theories, which focus on how
people learn through their interactions with
the environment

Answer 18

Observational learning

Question 19

According to these theories, behavior is
shaped by the consequences that follow it.
a behavior is reinforced, it is more likely to
be _______ in the future.

Answer 19

Repeated

Question 20

Bandura’s emphasis on the ____ __ ______ in observational learning highlights the importance of positive feedback
in shaping behavior

Answer 20

role of
reinforcement

Question 21

What are the
conditions for
social learning?

Answer 21

1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Motivation

Question 22

It is the learner
must first pay attention to
the behavior being
exhibited.
* For example, a high
school student will have
to keenly observe the
game of basketball to be
able to understand the
rules and skillset required
to be a candidate for the
school team

Answer 22

Attention

Question 23

It is How well the behavior is
remembered. The behavior
may be noticed, but it is not
always remembered, which
obviously prevents imitation. - It is important, therefore, that a memory of the behavior is
formed to be performed later
by the observer.
For example, you
could try reading or
watching a course
before bed and
then testing
yourself in the
morning. You might
find you’ve
managed to retain
the information
overnigh

Answer 23

Retention

Question 24

This requisite of behavior
concerns the physical
and mental ability of the
individual to copy the
behavior he or she
observed.
For example,
a child may see an
adult basketball
player put on a ball.
Afterwards, when
the kid has a
basketball, he may
try to put a ball like
the adult player.

Answer 24

Reproduction.

Question 25

This is where People can learn from each other through
observation, imitation and modeling.

For instance, in a classroom model
if a student sees another student
praised by the teacher for doing a
physical task, the first child might
start to engage in the same physical
task too. Similarly, if the child knew
that the other child was punished
for making a mistake in the
physical task, he would avoid that
mistake in his task.

Answer 25

Motivation

Question 26

Determine how closely the child will pay attention to the model

Answer 26

Attentional
Processes

Question 27

Determine how well
the child will remember the
model’s behaviour

Answer 27

Retention process

Question 28

Determine how well the child can reproduce the model’s behavior

Answer 28

Production Processes

Question 29

Determine how
motivated the child is to
imitate the model

Answer 29

Motivational
Processes

Question 30

Bandura’s (1989) updated version of social
learning theory is?

Answer 30

social cognitive theory.

Question 31

The change of name reflects a greater
emphasis on _____ ____as central to development

Answer 31

cognitive process

Question 32

are at work
as people observe models, learn chunks of
behavior, and mentally put the
chunks together into
complex new
behavior patterns

Answer 32

cognitive process

Question 33

Bandura’s work led him to
develop the concept of ____ ______, which means
confidence in one’s ability to
perform a task.

Answer 33

self
efficacy

Question 34

influences
behaviour, including learning.
The more confident we feel
about our abilities, the more
likely we are to try new things.

Answer 34

self
efficacy