Chapter 3 Flashcards
What are the huge tombs of ancient Egypt called?
Pyramids and sphinxes.
Why did the king of Egypt fear the Israelites and eventually enslave them?
Because of increase in population.
What discovery led to the deciphering of hieroglyphics? Who deciphered them?
Rosetta Stone which had three languages.
Jean Francis Champollion
Why have so many relics of ancient Egypt survived for thousands of years?
Dry and hot climate.
What is Mizraim?
Ham’s son who settled in Egypt.
Who is Herodotus?
Greek historian view and wrote about the ruins in Egypt in the 5th Century.
What are sphinxes?
Statues with the heads of men, rams, or hawks and bodies of lions.
What are hieroglyphics?
Strange writing of the ancient Egyptians.
Who is Moses?
Israelite saved from death orders from Egyptians; raised by Egyptians; later would lead people in Exodus. Wrote first five books of the Bible.
What is archaeology?
Study of the relics and ruins of ancient cultures.
Name some gifts of the Nile. What was the important gift? Why?
- Fertile soil it left behind
- Transportation
- Building materials
How did Nile make Egypt fertile?
The Nile left behind fertile soil.
What natural barriers helped to prevent foreign invasions of Egypt?
Desert sands lay east, west, and south. Nile rapids called cataracts in the south prevents the Nile from being used by invaders. Only weakness was from northeast where the Land of Canaan was.
What is a delta?
A land area in the shape of the Greek letter “delta”.
What is papyrus?
Plants that grew along the river banks. Used to make boats, baskets, boxes, mats, sandals, furniture, and paper.
In what areas did the Egyptians make great advances?
Medical and arts.
Why were Egyptian tombs well stocked with everyday household items?
They believed the soul left when you died but would come back periodically, so you needed plenty of items in the tombs.
What are pharaohs?
Egyptian King
What is mummification?
Preservation of body after death.
Who unified the Upper and Lower Egypt?
Menes
What are the three main divisions of ancient Egyptian history?
Old, Middle, and New
When did Egypt cease to be a major power?
About 1000 B.C.
Which three pharaohs built pyramids at Giza? Whose is the largest?
Khafree, Menkaure, and Khufu.
Khufu built the largest.
What type of tomb became popular after the pyramids?
Mortuary Temples
Who was the female pharaoh that built one of the most beautiful mortuary temples?
Hatshepsut
What were the pharaohs’ main motives for building an empire?
Wealth and Power
Under what pharaoh did the Egyptian Empire reach its greatest extent? What were the boundaries of the empire at that time?
Thutmose III
Explain how Egypt was one huge bureaucracy.
Pharaoh’s appointed nobles and priests to rule their empires.
How did Moses become the leader of the Israelite slaves?
God choose Moses to be the leader of Israel.
What did the ten plagues demonstrate about Egyptian religion?
the ridiculous of the Egyptian religion.
Why did the pharaoh chase the Israelites? What happened to the Egyptians in the wilderness?
Because he thought he was a god and perhaps because he wanted them as slaves.
His army was destroyed.
What is nomes?
Greek Letters
What is Memphis?
City in Egypt. Capital near Upper and Lower Egypt.
What are dynasties?
Families within which the right to be king is passed.
Identify Hyksos?
Foreign people who invaded Egypt from the east.
What is mastabas?
Simple brick structure build as tombs for pharaohs
What is the Step Pyramid?
Stacks of mastabas.
What is the Great Sphinx?
Gigantic statue carved in limestone with human head and lions body.
Who is Ramses II?
Egyptian pharaoh who build large structures.
What is a tribute?
Payment from one nation to another.
What is a vizier?
Chief assistant to a pharaoh
