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Psychology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Carry info from body’s sensory receptors to brain and spinal cord

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2
Q

Motor neurons

A

Carry info from brain and spinal cord to muscles and glands.

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3
Q

Interneurons

A
  • Communicate within brain and spinal cord.
  • Process info between sensory and motor neurons.
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4
Q

How does the endocrine system interact with the nervous system?

A

Hypothalamus influences pituitary gland, which influence other glands, which release hormones, which in turn influence the brain.

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5
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

Ability of the brain to reorganize after damage and build new pathways based on experience.

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6
Q

Motor cortex

A

A cerebral cortex area at the rear of the frontal lobes that controls voluntary movements.

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7
Q

Somatosensory cortex

A

A cerebral cortex area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.

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8
Q

Association areas, specifically frontal lobes

A

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in higher mental functions.
Judgment, planning, processing new memories.

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9
Q

Hippocampus and amygdala

A

conscious memory and emotional memory.

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10
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays messages between lower brain centers and cerebral cortex

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11
Q

Pons

A

Coordinates movements and control sleep.

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12
Q

Hypothalamus and pituitary gland

A
  • Controls homeostatic functions.
  • Helps govern endocrine system thru pituitary gland.
  • Linked to emotion and reward.
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13
Q

Reticular formation

A

Helps control arousal/alertness.

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14
Q

Medulla

A

Controls heartbeat and breathing

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15
Q

Cerebellum

A

Voluntary movement and balance

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16
Q

The hindbrain includes

A

Cerebellum, pons, medulla, spinal cord

17
Q

Limbic system function and components

A

Governs emotion, behaviour, long-term memory:

  • Hypoththalamus
  • Amygdala
  • Thalamus
  • Hippocampus
18
Q

The Nuremberg Code is a set of ethicle principles for experiments that include:

A
  1. Voluntary consent
  2. Informed consent
  3. Minimize risks
  4. Risk-benefit analysis
  5. Qualified scientists
19
Q

The Belmont Report

A
  • Respect for persons
  • Beneficience: the welfare of the participants should be the goal of the expirement.
  • Justice
20
Q

Parts of the cerebral cortex

A

Frontal lobe: decision-making, moral judgement, motor planning, language.
Occipital lobe: visual processing.
Parietal lobe: sensory integration (touch, temperature, pressure, pain).
Temporal lobe: auditory processing, memory, sensory integration (visual and audition).

21
Q

Specialized functions of hemispheres

A

Left: literal interpretations of language.
Right: inferences, modulating speech, self-awareness.

22
Q

Who was phineas gage and what does his case tell us?

A
  • Gage suffered damage in his left frontal lobe.
  • Behaviour and personality altered.
  • Shows that function is localized in brain.
23
Q

Glia

“Glue”

A

Provide myelin
Support and protect neurons

24
Q

Action potential

A
  1. Resting: axon is polarized; stimulus starts change in voltage.
  2. Depolarization: influx of sodium ions.
  3. Repolarization: efflux of potassium ions.
  4. Hypoerpolarization: membrane potential is more negative than resting potential bc of efflux of potassium ions.
  5. Resting: membrane potential returns to resting voltage.
25
Q

Conduction vs transmission

A

Conduction: electric signal within neurons.
Transmission: chemical signal between neurons over synapse.

26
Q

What is we didn’t have myelin sheath?

A
  • Signal would go at a slower, constant rate.
  • May not make it to terminal.
27
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

the difference in voltage between inside and outside of cell. Approx. -70 millivolts.

28
Q

Refractory period

A

Pause between action potentials.

29
Q

Threshold

A

Level of stimulation required to trigger neural impulse.

30
Q

Agonist vs antagonists

A

Agonist: molecules that increase action of NT by binding to AND activating receptor.
Antagonist: molecules that inhibits/blocks action of NT by binding BUT NOT activating receptor.

31
Q

Autonomic vs somatic nervous system

A

ANS (involuntary): self-regulated control of internal organs and glands.
SNS: body sensations and movement

Psychology (5 decks)

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