Chapter 3 Flashcards
What is a derrick
A “derrick” is an apparatus consisting of a mast or
equivalent member held at the head by braces or by guys, with or without a boom, for use with a hoisting
mechanism and operating ropes.
What is a crane
A crane is a machine for lifting and lowering a load and
moving it horizontally, with the hoisting mechanism an
integral part of the machine. Cranes whether fixed or
mobile are driven manually or by power.
Swinging derrick is another way of _________ a single derrick to not only heave and lower the cargo wire rope but also give it the ability to _____ the cargo on ship into the hold or off the ship onto the _________.
In this arrangement, the _____ take the form of short pendants coupled with tackles. Generally ___ tackles are fitted, but heavy derricks may be fitted with as many as ____. Some derricks are provided with standing guys called _________ guys, which are fitted to prevent the derrick from _________ too far in a certain direction.
rigging
slew
quayside
guys
two
four
preventer
swinging
What is a union purchase
It is the most common arrangement used with derricks on general cargo vessels. Two derricks
are coupled by a union hook and are worked in conjunction with each other. Each cargo boom is joined to vertical mast or post by a swivel fitting known as goose-neck
How many precautions have to be complied with as per lloyds code for union purchase
13
The following precautions have to be complied with as per Lloyds’ code for union
purchase:
1.Minimum operating angle shall not be less than 15 ̊to the horizontal (ideally not less
than 30 ).
2.The maximum included angle between the cargo runners must not exceed 120 ̊
3.The maximum outreach beyond the mid-ship breadth of the ship should not be less
than 4 metres.
4.The minimum head-room for derricks of SWL higher than 2 tonnes is 5 metres.
5.The tension should be taken off the slewing guys when the rig is set up so that only the
preventer guys are taken into account in calculating forces on the rig.
6.SWL of the rig is to be a percentage of the minimum SWL of any part of it with a safety
margin (25% less) included.
7.Unduly long slings should not be used.
8.The standing guy of the boom over the side should not be placed too far back to
prevent jack-knifing and it also should not be secured too close to prevent unnecessary
increase in stress on the loading guy.
9.Head-room beneath the load should be kept to a minimum required for safety.
10.The standing guy should be of adequate strength.
11.A union hook with a swivel should be used to connect the cargo runners.
12.Runners should be prevented to rub against the ships’ sides/ bulwarks/ railings and
hatch coamings etc.
13.Rigging of the derricks should be supervised by a competent person.
3 derrick and crane movements
Hoisting/Lowering
* Luffing
* Slewing
Heavy duty cranes
These heavy-duty cranes are often used for constructing ports and bridges.
They are useful for loading and unloading heavy items to and from ships.
MGN
Marine Guidance Notes
What does PUWER stand for
Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
MGN 331
* . Maintenance should include regular examinations by a _________ person. It is recommended that these be carried out as necessary but at least once _______ and include checks for general material defects such as ______, _______ and ___________ that will affect safety or ability to perform required function.
4.2
competent
annually
cracks
distortion
corrosion
MGN 331
* . It is strongly recommended that the maximum
interval between inspections should be _ years for
work equipment, or such shorter period as is
recommended by the __________. Further guidance on inspections should be aligned with equipment manufacturers’ recommendations.
3.2
5
manufacturer
What is a competent person
means a person possessing the knowledge or experience necessary for the performance of the duties under these regulations;
Regular preventative maintenance
3.4 Greasing should be thorough and frequent, as ___ bearings impose additional loads that can lead to failure.
3.5 The condition of all ropes and chains should be checked regularly for ____, ______ and _______ and replaced as necessary.
3.6 Shackles, links and rings should be renewed when wear or damage is _____.
3.7 Structures should be examined frequently for corrosion, cracks, distortion and wear of bearings, securing points etc.
3.8 _____ structures such as gantries or masts should be checked for trapped water inside. If water is found, the structure should be drained, appropriately treated and then ______.
3.9 There should be regular ________ tests of controls, stops, brakes, safety devices for hoisting gear etc,
preferably before the start of ________.
dry
wear
damage
corrosion
evident
hollow
sealed
function
operations
LOLER
Lifting Operations Lifting Equipment Regulations
Loler “regular examinations”
Maintenance should include ______ examinations by a _________ person at least once annually. Checks should look for general material defects such as cracks, distortion, corrosion and wear and tear that could affect safe working load and overall strength
regular
competent
What does regularly mean
in line with manufacturer’s instructions,
the company’s planned maintenance system.
SWL
Safe working load
NWL
Normal working load
WLL
Working load limit
Crane limits
- SWL limit
- Working radius (outreach limit) - The
outreach range of jib crane refers to the
distance from the boom tip to the crane
hook, which also is the working area needed. - Angle limit
- Lifting height limit
Describe 10 factors that should be taken in consideration to guarantee
the safety of the vessel when conducting a heavy lift operation?
Carry out a ‘Risk Assessment’ prior to commencing the operation
* Carry out a toolbox talk
* There should be sufficient lifting points on the cargo. Certain cargoes,
such as boilers and plant machinery, may have permanent lifting
points welded to its structure.
* Check the lugs or securing points on the load itself before securing
slings, to ensure that they are adequate to handle the load stress.
* Extreme care should be taken with crated heavy objects, as shippers
have been known to crate loads without reinforcing the crate itself.
* A full inspection of all lifting equipment should be conducted prior to
commencing the lift, by the Officer in Charge.
* Post competent crew members to tend the vessel’s moorings at the
fore and aft stations.
* The weight marked on the unit should be checked and confirmed
with the cargo information on board to ensure safe operation.
* The weight of load may be distributed unevenly, and the load may be
of irregular/unsymmetrical shape. In such cases, slings with different
lengths may have to be used. Care should be taken that the right sling
is used at the appropriate position.
* UKC Checked
Both arms are extended horizontally
with the palm facing forward.
Meaning:
start/attention
The right arm points upwards with the
palm facing forward
Meaning:
stop/interuption
Both arms points upwards with the
palm facing forward
Meaning:
danger/emergency stop
the right arm points downwards with the
palm facing inwards and slowly makes a
circle.
Meaning:
lower the hook/cargo
the right arm points upwards with the
palm facing forward and slowly makes
a circle
Meaning:
raise the hook/cargo
signal with one hand, the other on
head
Meaning:
derrick/jib down
signal with one hand, the other on
head
Meaning:
derrick/jib up
Both arms close to side extending one arm
90° from the elbow
Meaning:
slewing in the direction indicated
Watertight
capable of preventing the passage
of water in any direction under the head of
water likely to occur in intact and damaged
conditions. (Both sides of the seal stop water)
weathertight
is defined as that in any sea
conditions water will not penetrate the
ship. (One side of the seal stops water)
What is the maximum period between tests for Ship’s lifting equipment?
5 years
A heavy lift should never exceed the crane/derricks ______?
SWL
Why is Union Purchase preferred over the use of just a single derrick?
It is faster to do the cargo operation
Certificates, reports, tests and thorough examinations should be kept in a safe place on-board for at least 2 years or until the equipment is no longer in use/cert replaced. Where are they kept?
The chain register
If lifting with an onboard crane, where is the centre of gravity of that lift acting?
The top of the lifting point
If using union purchase , what is the SWL of the arrangement?
The SWL of the derrick with the lowest SWL, less a 1/3
Weather and watertight seals
Watertight seal prevents ingress of water from both sides of the seal whereas weathertight only prevents one side
What is slewing of a crane/derrick?
Horizontal movement of the boom or jib
In the case of lifting equipment, other than equipment used for lifting persons, what is the maximum time between being “thoroughly examined” by a “competent person”?
Yearly
Who should be carrying out “regular examinations” of lifting equipment onboard?
Competent person
