Chapter 2

Question 1

What does chapter 2 consist of

Answer 1

General cargo (break-bulk)

Question 2

Who is responsible for cargo operations

Answer 2

Cargo operation is the responsibility of Chief Officer who discharges this duty under the Masters overall
control employing deck crew.

Question 3

What is bale capacity

Answer 3

It is the cubic capacity of cargo space inside cargo battens, ceiling
and the underside of deck beams. In other words it is the volume of clear space
available inside the cargo hold without any obstructions.

Question 4

What is grain capacity

Answer 4

It is the cubic capacity available for cargo that flows to the ship’s side.

Question 5

What is block stowage

Answer 5

It is an even stack of cargo
which makes efficient use of available cargo space.

Question 6

What is broken stowage

Answer 6

It is the amount of unused space due to the irregularity of shape of the cargo or cargo
space, or due to the inability to stow other cargo over the top. It is expressed as a percentage of total
space available.

Question 7

What is bottom stow cargo

Answer 7

Cargo of high density
and/or ability to withstand crushing.

Question 8

What is break-bulk

Answer 8

Non-bulk cargo which is neither
containerised nor unitised in some other way.
The handling carriage and stowage of
individual items.

Question 9

What are cargo batten or spar ceilings

Answer 9

These are longitudinal timbers fitted to the
inside of ship’s frames to keep cargo
clear of the steel.

Question 10

What is the ceiling

Answer 10

It is the timber placed along
the bottom of the cargo space to
protect the ship (usually tank tops)
from damage caused by cargo.

Question 11

What is the CKD

Answer 11

Completely Knocked Down
machinery cargo, usually referring to
motor vehicles shipped in parts.

Question 12

What is deadweight cargo

Answer 12

Cargo that occupies less than
1m3 per tonne weight. Freight is usually payable
on weight.

Question 13

What is dunnage

Answer 13

It is material
(often timber or matting)
that is used to separate
or protect cargo. Where
dunnage is required, it
must be included in the
weight/space
calculations.

Question 14

Types of dunnage examples

Answer 14

wood
inflatable bags
saw dust
paper
steel

Question 15

8 uses of dunnage

Answer 15

1. Protection of the ship
2. Protection of the cargo
3. Spread weight
4. Separate cargo
5. Separate cargo from moisture
6. Provide additional friction to stop cargo shifting
7. Fill areas of broken stowage and stop shifting
8. Provide ventilation channels for the cargo

Question 16

What is IBC

Answer 16

Intermediate bulk container (sometimes bulk bag) used for the carriage of between
0.25 and 3m3 of bulk material.

Question 17

What is measurement cargo

Answer 17

Cargo on which freight is charged by space. It usually occupies more
than 1m3 of space per tonne weight.

Question 18

What is optional cargo

Answer 18

Cargo for which the discharge port is not certain at the time of loading.

Question 19

What is over-carried cargo

Answer 19

Cargo which has been carried beyond its intended
destination

Question 20

What is over-stowed cargo

Answer 20

Cargo which is blocked by cargo for a later port of
discharge. Either requires double handling of offending cargo or must
be over-carried.

Question 21

What is pre-slung cargo

Answer 21

Cargo which has lifting slings already attached.

Question 22

What is short-shipped cargo

Answer 22

Cargo that has been booked but not loaded.

Question 23

What is short-landed cargo

Answer 23

Cargo which was not discharged at its intended
destination.

Question 24

What is the square of the hatch

Answer 24

It is an area of the hold or ‘tween deck directly below the hatch opening.

Question 25

What is the stowage factor

Answer 25

It is the number of m3 occupied by 1 tonne of the cargo

Question 26

What is the taint

Answer 26

A trace of a contaminating substance found in cargo that is likely to render it unfit for its intended purpose.

Question 27

What is the tween-deck

Answer 27

A deck dividing vertically a cargo hold into compartments

Question 28

What is transhipment

Answer 28

It is a transfer of cargo from one vessel to another (usually via
the wharf) for onward carriage.

Question 29

What is the cargo stowage plan

Answer 29

is a diagrammatic representation of the cargo loaded or planned
to be loaded.

Question 30

What is tomming

Answer 30

Timber used to brace cargo and prevent it from shifting.

Question 31

The stowage plans serves a number of purposes including

Answer 31

• Advising the stevedores at the discharge ports of how the cargo on the cargo manifest is actually stowed
  within the ship. This permits the planning of labour and machinery requirements in advance.
• An important tool to assist the cargo watch-keepers (OOW) during cargo operation. Providing a record of
  stowage for the use of ship’s officers when overseeing the loading or discharging
• Proving the correct stowage in the event of cargo claims.
• Maintaining a record on board to assist in the planning of future stowages

Question 32

What is sounding

Answer 32

is the measured height of
the fluid from the surface of the fluid
to the bottom of the tank.

Question 33

What is ullage

Answer 33

is the void space in the tank
measured from the top of the tank to
the upper surface of the fluid. Ullage
is measured when the content of a
tank is highly viscous and if the tank
is filled to the maximum.