Chapter 3

Question 1

Anonymity

Answer 1

Research participants remain anonymous or nameless

Question 2

Confidentiality

Answer 2

Information with participants names attached, but the researcher hold it in confidence or keeps it secret from the public

Question 3

Crossover design

Answer 3

A design to reduce creating inequality; it is when a study group that gets no treatment in the first phase of the experiment becomes the group with the treatment in the second phase, and vice versa

Question 4

Informed consent

Answer 4

An agreement by participants stating they are willing to be in a study after they learn something about what the research procedure will involve

Question 5

Institutional review board

Answer 5

A committee of researchers and community members that over-sees, monitors, and reviews the impact of research procedures on human participants and applies ethical guidelines by reviewing research procedures at a preliminary stage when first proposed

Question 6

Plagiarism

Answer 6

A type of unethical behaviour in which one used the writings or ideas of another without giving proper credit. It is “stealing ideas”

Question 7

Principle of voluntary consent

Answer 7

An ethical principle of social research that people should never participate in research unless they first explicitly agree to do so

Question 8

Public sociology

Answer 8

Social science that seeks to enrich public debates over moral and political issues by infusing them with social theory and research and tries to generate a conversation between researchers and the public. Often uses action research and a critical social science approach with its main audience being nonexperts and practitioners

Question 9

Research fraud

Answer 9

A type of unethical behaviour in which a researcher fakes or invents data that he or she did not really collect, or fails to honestly and fully report how he or she conducted a study

Question 10

Scientific misconduct

Answer 10

When someone engages in research fraud, plagiarism, or other unethical conduct that significantly deviates from the accepted practice for conducting and reporting research within the scientific community

Question 11

Special populations

Answer 11

People who lack the necessary cognitive competency to give real informed consent or people in a weak position who might comprise their freedom to refuse to participate in a study

Question 12

Whistle-blowing

Answer 12

A person who sees ethical wrongdoing, tries to correct it internally but then informs an external audience, agency, or the media