chapter 3 Flashcards
The 2 large muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra that are usually visible on an AP radiograph are called the:
psoas muscles
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, and Ileum
What portion of the small intestine is the longest?
Ileum
The large intestine begins in the ______ quadrant with a saclike area called the _____.
right lower; cecum
The sigmoid colon is located between the ______ and ______ of the large intestine.
descending colon; rectum
Name an organ that is part of the lymphatic system:
spleen
Why is the right kidney found in a more inferior position than the left kidney?
presence of liver on right
What endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney?
adrenal
The organs located posteriorly to, or behind, the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as ______
retroperitoneal
The double-walled membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the _______
peritoneum
What structure helps to stabilize and support the small intestine?
mesentary
What structure is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach?
greater omentum
What location of the peritoneum is the liver in?
intraperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum is the urinary bladder in?
infraperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum are the kidneys in?
retroperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum is the spleen in?
intraperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum are the ovaries in?
infraperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum is the duodenum in?
retroperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum is the transverse colon in?
intraperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum are the testes in?
infraperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum are the adrenal glands in?
retroperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum is the stomach in?
intraperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum is the pancreas in?
retroperitoneum
What location of the peritoneum is the ascending/descending colon in?
retroperitoneum
What abdominal quadrant is the liver in?
RUQ
What abdominal quadrant is the spleen in?
LUQ
What abdominal quadrant is the sigmoid colon in?
LLQ
What abdominal quadrant is the left colic flexure in?
LUQ
What abdominal quadrant is the stomach in?
LUQ
What abdominal quadrant is the appendix in?
RLQ
What abdominal quadrant are the 2/3rds of the jejunum in?
LUQ
What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen?
umbilical
The prominence of the greater trochanter is at about the same level as the ________ symphysis pubis, and the lower margins of the ischial tuberosities are about _____ inches _______ to the symphysis pubis.
superior border; 1 1/2; distal
Which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the 2 pelvic bones?
symphysis pubis
Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3?
inferior costal margin
The iliac crest is at the level of the ______ vertebra
L4-L5
Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the _____, with the bottom at the _______
ASIS; symphysis pubis
What exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average-sized adult using a digital radiographic system?
80-85 kvp, grid, 40 in SID
The preffered imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is:
ultrasound
With the use of iodinated contrast media, _______ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst and a tumor of the liver.
CT
______ is used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis
ultrasound
Free gas or air in the peritoneal cavity:
pneumoperitoneum
Inflammatory condition of the colon:
ulcerative colitis
Telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel:
intussusception
Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity:
ascites
Bowel obstruction caused by lack of intestinal peristalsis:
adynamic ileus
A twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction:
volvulus
Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction:
crohn disease
The CR is centered at the level of the _____ for a supine AP projection of the abdomen
iliac crest
Rotation can be determined on a KUB radiograph by the loss of the symmetric appearance of the:
iliac wings, obturatur foramina, iscial spines, and outer rib margins
Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?
left lateral decubitus
Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias?
dorsal decubitus
Which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurism in the prevertebral region of the abdomen?
lateral position
What projections are commonly performed for an acute abdominal series?
AP supine, lateral decubitus, and PA erect chest
Which projection of the 3-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphram?
PA chest
What projection requires a kvp setting of 110 to 125?
PA, erect chest for free air under diaphram
To ensure the diaphram is included on an erect abdomen projection, the CR should be _______, which places the top of the 14 x 17 in. IR at the level of the _____
2 in. above iliac crest; axilla
What is the recommended overlap when using 2 landscape-placed image receptors for an AP projection of a supine abdomen of an obese patient?
1 to 2 inches
A KUB shows that the symphysis pubis was cut off along the bottom of the image. Is this an acceptable radiograph?
no, the symphysis pubis must be shown
A radiograph of an AP projection of an average sized adult abdomen was produced using the following exposure factors: 100 kvp, 400 ma, 1/10 sec, grid, and 40 in SID. The overall density of the radiograph was acceptable, but the soft tissue structures were not visible. Which adjustment needs to be made?
the technologist needs to lower the kvp
Situation: A patient with a possible dynamic ileus enters the emergency room. The patient is unable to stand. The physician has ordered an acute abdominal series. What specific positioning routine should be used?
3-way acute abdominal series
What positioning routine would be used if there is a suspected kidney stone?
KUB
Situation: A patient in intensive care may have developed intra-abdominal bleeding. The patient is in critical condition and cannot go to the radiology department. The physician has ordered a portable study of the abdomen. What position would be used?
bedside portable left lateral decubitus
Which position best demonstrates ascites?
erect AP abdomen
Situation: A child goes to the radiology department because they swallowed a coin. The physician believes it could be in the upper GI tract, which position should be done?
KUB and lateral abdomen
