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Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles (ch 1) > chapter 3 > Flashcards

chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The 2 large muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebra that are usually visible on an AP radiograph are called the:

A

psoas muscles

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2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, and Ileum

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3
Q

What portion of the small intestine is the longest?

A

Ileum

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4
Q

The large intestine begins in the ______ quadrant with a saclike area called the _____.

A

right lower; cecum

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5
Q

The sigmoid colon is located between the ______ and ______ of the large intestine.

A

descending colon; rectum

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6
Q

Name an organ that is part of the lymphatic system:

A

spleen

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7
Q

Why is the right kidney found in a more inferior position than the left kidney?

A

presence of liver on right

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7
Q

What endocrine glands are superomedial to each kidney?

A

adrenal

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7
Q

The organs located posteriorly to, or behind, the serous membrane lining of the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as ______

A

retroperitoneal

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7
Q

The double-walled membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity is called the _______

A

peritoneum

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8
Q

What structure helps to stabilize and support the small intestine?

A

mesentary

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9
Q

What structure is a double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

greater omentum

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10
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the liver in?

A

intraperitoneum

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11
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the urinary bladder in?

A

infraperitoneum

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12
Q

What location of the peritoneum are the kidneys in?

A

retroperitoneum

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13
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the spleen in?

A

intraperitoneum

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14
Q

What location of the peritoneum are the ovaries in?

A

infraperitoneum

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15
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the duodenum in?

A

retroperitoneum

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16
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the transverse colon in?

A

intraperitoneum

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17
Q

What location of the peritoneum are the testes in?

A

infraperitoneum

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18
Q

What location of the peritoneum are the adrenal glands in?

A

retroperitoneum

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19
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the stomach in?

A

intraperitoneum

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20
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the pancreas in?

A

retroperitoneum

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21
Q

What location of the peritoneum is the ascending/descending colon in?

A

retroperitoneum

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22
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the liver in?

A

RUQ

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23
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the spleen in?

A

LUQ

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24
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the sigmoid colon in?

A

LLQ

25
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the left colic flexure in?

A

LUQ

26
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the stomach in?

A

LUQ

27
Q

What abdominal quadrant is the appendix in?

A

RLQ

28
Q

What abdominal quadrant are the 2/3rds of the jejunum in?

A

LUQ

29
Q

What is the correct name for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen?

A

umbilical

30
Q

The prominence of the greater trochanter is at about the same level as the ________ symphysis pubis, and the lower margins of the ischial tuberosities are about _____ inches _______ to the symphysis pubis.

A

superior border; 1 1/2; distal

31
Q

Which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the 2 pelvic bones?

A

symphysis pubis

32
Q

Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3?

A

inferior costal margin

33
Q

The iliac crest is at the level of the ______ vertebra

A

L4-L5

34
Q

Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the _____, with the bottom at the _______

A

ASIS; symphysis pubis

35
Q

What exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average-sized adult using a digital radiographic system?

A

80-85 kvp, grid, 40 in SID

36
Q

The preffered imaging modality for examining the gallbladder quickly is:

A

ultrasound

37
Q

With the use of iodinated contrast media, _______ is able to distinguish between a simple cyst and a tumor of the liver.

A

CT

38
Q

______ is used to evaluate patients with acute appendicitis

A

ultrasound

39
Q

Free gas or air in the peritoneal cavity:

A

pneumoperitoneum

40
Q

Inflammatory condition of the colon:

A

ulcerative colitis

41
Q

Telescoping of a section of bowel into another loop of bowel:

A

intussusception

42
Q

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity:

A

ascites

43
Q

Bowel obstruction caused by lack of intestinal peristalsis:

A

adynamic ileus

44
Q

A twisting of a loop of bowel creating an obstruction:

A

volvulus

45
Q

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal wall that may result in bowel obstruction:

A

crohn disease

46
Q

The CR is centered at the level of the _____ for a supine AP projection of the abdomen

A

iliac crest

47
Q

Rotation can be determined on a KUB radiograph by the loss of the symmetric appearance of the:

A

iliac wings, obturatur foramina, iscial spines, and outer rib margins

48
Q

Which decubitus position of the abdomen best demonstrates intraperitoneal air in the abdomen?

A

left lateral decubitus

49
Q

Which decubitus position best demonstrates possible aneurysms, calcifications of the aorta, or umbilical hernias?

A

dorsal decubitus

50
Q

Which projection best demonstrates a possible aortic aneurism in the prevertebral region of the abdomen?

A

lateral position

51
Q

What projections are commonly performed for an acute abdominal series?

A

AP supine, lateral decubitus, and PA erect chest

52
Q

Which projection of the 3-way acute abdominal series best demonstrates free air under the diaphram?

A

PA chest

53
Q

What projection requires a kvp setting of 110 to 125?

A

PA, erect chest for free air under diaphram

54
Q

To ensure the diaphram is included on an erect abdomen projection, the CR should be _______, which places the top of the 14 x 17 in. IR at the level of the _____

A

2 in. above iliac crest; axilla

55
Q

What is the recommended overlap when using 2 landscape-placed image receptors for an AP projection of a supine abdomen of an obese patient?

A

1 to 2 inches

56
Q

A KUB shows that the symphysis pubis was cut off along the bottom of the image. Is this an acceptable radiograph?

A

no, the symphysis pubis must be shown

57
Q

A radiograph of an AP projection of an average sized adult abdomen was produced using the following exposure factors: 100 kvp, 400 ma, 1/10 sec, grid, and 40 in SID. The overall density of the radiograph was acceptable, but the soft tissue structures were not visible. Which adjustment needs to be made?

A

the technologist needs to lower the kvp

58
Q

Situation: A patient with a possible dynamic ileus enters the emergency room. The patient is unable to stand. The physician has ordered an acute abdominal series. What specific positioning routine should be used?

A

3-way acute abdominal series

59
Q

What positioning routine would be used if there is a suspected kidney stone?

A

KUB

60
Q

Situation: A patient in intensive care may have developed intra-abdominal bleeding. The patient is in critical condition and cannot go to the radiology department. The physician has ordered a portable study of the abdomen. What position would be used?

A

bedside portable left lateral decubitus

61
Q

Which position best demonstrates ascites?

A

erect AP abdomen

62
Q

Situation: A child goes to the radiology department because they swallowed a coin. The physician believes it could be in the upper GI tract, which position should be done?

A

KUB and lateral abdomen

Terminology, Positioning, and Imaging Principles (ch 1) (4 decks)

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