chapter 1 Flashcards
The 4 basic types of tissues in the body are:
epitheleal, connective, muscular, nervous
What body system synthesizes vitamin D and other biochemicals?
digestive
The outer covering of a long bone is called:
periosteum
What aspect of long bones is responsible for the production of red blood cells?
medullary aspect
What aspect of the long bone is essential for bone growth?
periosteum
The primary growth center for long bones is:
diaphysis
The secondary growth center for long bones is:
epiphysis
The _______ is the wider portion of a long bone in which bone growth in length occurs.
metaphysis
What are the 3 functional classifications of joints?
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
What are the 3 structural classifications of joints?
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
Examples of fibrous joints are:
roots around teeth, skull surtures, distal tibiofibular joint
Examples of cartilaginous joints are:
epiphyses, intervertebral disk space, symphysis pubis
Examples of synovial joints are:
first carpometacarpal of thumb, proximal radioulnar joint, interphalangeal joints, hip joints
What are the 7 types of movement for synovial joints?
plane (gliding), ginglymus (hinge), pivot (trochoid), ellipsoid (condylar), saddle (sellar), ball and socket (spheroidal), bicondylar
What body type makes up 35% of the population?
hyposthenic
5% of the population has a ______ body type
hypersthenic
A plane taken at right angles along any point of the longitudinal axis of the body is the ______ plane
transverse
What term describes the bending of a part outward?
varus
In “ACE”, “A” stands for:
announce your name
In “ACE”, “C” stands for:
communicate your credentials
What are the 2 rules or principles for determining positioning routines as they relate to the maximum number of projections required in a basic routine?
A. a minimum of 2 projections 90 degrees for each other B. a minimum of 3 projections when joints are in the prime interest area
The radiographic analog image is composed of metallic _______ on a polyester base.
silver
What are the 4 image quality factors for film-based radiographic images?
density, contrast, spatial resolution, distortion
The range of exposure over which a film produces an an acceptable image is the definition for:
exposure latitude
When analog images, using manual technique settings, are underexposed or overexposed, a minimum change is mAs of _______ is required to make a visible difference in the radiographic density.
25% to 30%
What are 3 common types of compensating filters?
wedge, trough, boomerang
Situation: A radiograph of the foot is produced using conventional analog image receptors. The resulting radiograph demonstrates too little density and must be repeated. The original exposure was 5 mAs. What mAs is needed to correct the density on this radiograph?
10 mAs
Situation: A radiograph of the hand is underexposed and must be repeated. The original technique used was 55 kvp with 2.5 mAs. The technologist decides to keep the mAs at the same level but to change the kvp to increase radiographic density. How much of an increase is needed in kvp to double the density?
8- to 10- kvp increase
The lack of visible sharpness is called:
blur
What are the 4 primary controlling factors of distortion?
OID, SID, object IR alignment, CR placement
Digital processing involves the systematic application of highly complex mathematical formulas called:
algorithms
Exposure latitude with digital imaging is ______ when compared with analog imaging.
wider
What are the 6 image quality factors to evaluate a digital image?
brightness, contrast, spatial resolution, distortion, noise, exposure indicator
What are 2 pixel sizes used in digital imaging?
aquisition pixel size, display pixel size
Which of the 2 pixel sizes is most critical in maintaining high-resolution digital images?
aquisition pixel size
The current range of spatial resolution for digital radiographic imaging systems is between:
2.5 and 5.0 1p/mm
A numeric value that is representative of the exposure that the digital image receptor receives is termed the:
exposure indicator
What are the 4 factors that affect the exposure indicator in the digital image?
mas, kvp, total area irradiated, objects exposed
A random disturbance that obscures clarity is the definition for:
noise
Increasing brightness along margins of structures to increase the visibility of the edges is termed:
edge enhancement
Reversing the dark and light pixel values of an image is:
invert image
What are thye 3 components of a PSP-CR system?
IP, IP reader, tech work station
What is the formula for converting cm to in?
cm divided by 2.54
The electronic transmission of diagnostic imaging studies is termed:
teleradiography
The _____ receptor is made with amorphous selenium
FPD_TFT
Series of “boxes” that give form to the image:
display matrix
Range of exposure intensities that produce an acceptable image:
exposure latitude
The user adjusting the window level and window width:
windowing
Respresentative of the number of shades of gray that can be demonstrated by each pixel:
bit depth
Which radiation unit is used to measure the amount of ionizations created in air?
Roentgen
Which unit of measurement is used to describe patient dose?
gray
______ dose allows comparisons of the relative risk from various imaging procedures.
effective
What is the SI unit for Roentgen
c/kg of air
What is the SI unit for rad?
Gy
What is the SI unit for rem?
Sv
Personnel monitoring devices must be worn if there is a possibility of acquiring ____% of the annual occupational effective dose limit.
10
What are the 2 most common metals used for added filtration?
aluminum and copper
Gonad shields absorb ____ of the primary beam in the 50- to 100- kvp range.
95% to 99%
What is the federally set limit for exposure rates for intensified fluoroscopy units?
10 R/min
What area shield is used for a sterile procedure?
shadow
In high-level fluoroscopy mode, the exposure rate measured at tabletop cannot exceed:
20 R/min
The average exposure rate for fluoroscopy equipment is:
1 to 3 R/min
