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Psychology Unit 1 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

1.3.1 Typical and Atypical behaviour

What is atypical behavior?

A

an activity that is consistent with how an individual usually behaves

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2
Q

1.3.1 Typical and Atypical behaviour

What is typical behavior?

A

an activity that is unusual or unnatural according
to how an individual usually behaves

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3
Q

1.3.1 Typical and Atypical behaviour

What is psychological criteria?

A

standards against which a judgement can be
made about a person’s behaviour and abilities

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4
Q

1.3.2 Categorising Typical and Atypical behaviour

What factors influence categorising behaviour as typical or atypical? (5)
Breifly describe each

A

Cultural perspectives - the influence of society
and community on one’s thoughts.
Social Norms - society’s unofficial rules and
expectations regarding how individuals should act
Personal distress - an aversive and often self-oriented emotional reaction
Statistical rarity - something that lies outside the range of statistical normality and is also unusual enough to be considered significant
Maladaptive behaviour - an action that impairs an
individual’s ability to meet the changing demands of their everyday life

** It is important to note that social norms and cultural perspectives are interlinked and that cultural perspectives often inform society’s expectations.

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5
Q

1.3.2 Categorising Typical and Atypical behaviour

Examples of social Norms

A
  • society’s unofficial rules and expectations regarding how individuals should act.
  • They exist on a large and generalised scale
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6
Q

1.3.2 Categorising Typical and Atypical behaviour

Examples of cultural persepectives

A

involve the awareness of:
* different customs, beliefs, and traditions
* different rules and etiquette
* attitudes towards the importance of mental health.

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7
Q

1.3.2 Categorising Typical and Atypical behaviour

Examples of personal distress

A
  • self-oriented emotional reaction
  • doesn’t have to be noticable
  • inconstistant from how the induvidual usually behaves
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8
Q

1.3.2 Categorising Typical and Atypical behaviour

Examples of statistic rarity, how are they condidered? (neg/pos)

A
  • proportion of people who exhibit the same behaviour
  • How the behaviour compares with others
  • Significance of the behaviour
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9
Q

1.3.2 Categorising Typical and Atypical behaviour

what clasifies a behaviour as maladaptive?

A
  • Ability to adjust to the environment
  • Effectiveness of the individual’s functioning
  • Appropriateness of the
    behaviour in the situation
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10
Q

1.3.3 Normality

What is normality

A

the state of having thoughts, feelings, and behaviours that are considered common and acceptable

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11
Q

1.3.3 Normality

What is abnormality?

A

the state of deviating from the norm, usually in a way that is undesirable

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12
Q

1.3.3 Normality

What are the approaches to understanding normality?

A
  • the socio-cultural approach
  • the functional approach
  • the historical approach
  • the medical approach
  • the statistical approach
  • the istuational approach
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13
Q

1.3.3 Normality

How does the socio-cultural approach define normaility?

A

People perceive things as normal according to a particular set of codes relating to the social and cultural context that they are part of

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14
Q

1.3.3 Normality

How does the functional approach define normaility?

A

People are considered normal if their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours allow them to cope with the demands of everyday lives.

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15
Q

1.3.3 Normality

How does the historical approach define normaility?

A

What people perceive as normal changes throughout different historical periods.

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16
Q

1.3.3 Normality

How does the medical approach define normaility?

A

Things that are abnormal have underlying biological causes and can be diagnosed clearly according to different symptoms.

17
Q

1.3.3 Normality

How does the statistical approach define normaility?

A

Normality is based on how the majority of people think, feel, and behave.

18
Q

1.3.3 Normality

How does the situational approach define normaility?

A

Normality is based on what is acceptable in different contexts.

19
Q

1.3.4 neurotypicallity

What is neurotypicallity?

A

a term used to describe individuals who display neurological and cognitive functioning that is typical
or expected

20
Q

1.3.4 neurotypicallity

What is neurodiversity?

A

variations in neurological development and functioning within and between groups of people,

21
Q

1.3.4 neurotypicallity

Example of neurodiversity

A

those experienced by people with autism

22
Q

1.3.4 neurotypicallity

what are common characteristics of neurotypical induviduals?

A
  • having good communication skills
  • having social skills similar to their peers
  • being able to function in distracting environments without sensory overload
  • being able to focus for prolonged periods
  • being able to adapt to changes in routines
23
Q

1.3.3 Normality

What factors influence normality?

A

adaptive or maladaptive behaviours/emotions/cognitions

24
Q

1.3.3 normality

Adaptive vs maladaptive emotions

A

ADAPTIVE - Being able to effectively regulate and display emotions.
MALADAPTIVE - Being unable to effectively regulate and display emotions

25
Q

1.3.3 normality

Adaptive vs maladaptive behaviours

A

ADAPTIVE - Activities that enhance an individual’s ability to match the changing demands of their everyday life.
MALADAPTIVE - Activities that hinder one’s ability to meet the changing demands of everyday life.

26
Q

1.3.3 normality

Adaptive vs maladaptive cognitions

A

ADAPTIVE -
Having awareness and knowledge
that enables you to adjust to different environments and situations.
MALADAPTIVE - Lacking awareness and knowledge, which makes it difficult to adjust to different
environments and situations.

27
Q

1.3.4 neurotypicallity

What does it mean to be neurodivergent? include characteristics

A

to have a variation in
neurological development
and functioning
e.g. ASD/ADHD/dyslexia
CHARACTERISTICS:
* better equipped to express themselves
through creativity
* may not be able to focus for extended
periods but is very detail focused
* tends to observe what happens around
them and, as a result, may get distracted
* may experience difficulty in adapting to
change, especially if it is sudden

28
Q

1.3.5 - ASD (autism )

What is ASD?

A

a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by impaired social
interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication difficulties, narrow
interests, and repetitive behaviour

29
Q

1.3.5 - ASD (autism )

What are some strengths of ASD?

A
  • Exceptional attention to detail
  • Superior retention of facts
  • High level of motivation and enthusiasm in
    activities of interest
  • High degree of accuracy in various tasks
  • Innovative approaches to problem-solving
  • Able to follow instructions accurately
    and precisely
  • Able to see the world from an alternative
    perspective and therefore offer unique
    insights
30
Q

1.3.5 - ASD (autism )

What are some challenges of ASD?

A
  • Being unable to make or keep eye contact
  • Being unable to read others’ facial
    expressions and recognise others’ emotions
  • Getting distressed by minor changes
    in routine
  • Having obsessive and singular interests
  • Delayed language skills
  • Delayed movement skills
  • Delayed cognitive or learning skills
31
Q

1.3.6 ADHD (attention-deficit)

What is ADHD?

A

a neurological
condition characterised by
persistent inattention or
hyperactivity that disrupts
social, academic, or
occupational functioning

32
Q

1.3.6 ADHD (attention-deficit)

What are some strengths of ADHD?

A
  • Hyperfocusing on a particular task
    of interest
  • Creative approaches to various tasks
  • Enthusiasm in what they do
  • Finding innovative ways to complete a task
33
Q

1.3.6 ADHD (attention-deficit)

What are some challenges of ADHD?

A
  • Time management
  • Staying concentrated
  • Staying on topic
  • Acting with rationality
  • Articulating feelings
  • Impulsivity

Psychology Unit 1 (6 decks)

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