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BIOL 235 Chapter 1-10 Midterm 1 Review > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

Basic, living structural and functional units of the body

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2
Q

Scientific study of cells is called

A

Cell biology or cytology

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3
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Forms the cells, flexible, outer surface, separating the cells, internal environment from the external environment

Regulates the flow of materials into an out of a cell

Key roll and communication amongst cells in between cells and their external environment

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cellular components between plasma, membrane and nucleus.

Compartment has two components: cytosol and organelles

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5
Q

Cytosol

A

Fluid portion of cytoplasm called intracellular fluid

Contains: water, dissolved, solute, and suspended particles

there are also several different types of organelles

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6
Q

Organelles

A

Little organs

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7
Q

Organelles have

A

Specific shape, and specific functions

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8
Q

Organelles include

A

Cytoskeleton
ribosomes
endoplasmic reticulum
gogli complex
lysosomes
peroxisomes
mitochondria

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9
Q

Nucleus

A

Large organelle that houses most of a cells DNA

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10
Q

Within a nucleus, each____ a single molecule of DNA associated with several proteins, contains thousands of hereditary units called___

A

Chromosome, genes

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11
Q

Function of genes

A

Control most aspects of cellular structure and function

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12
Q

Three main parts of a cell

A

Plasma membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus

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13
Q

Acts similar to a control center and holds all the genetic information

A

Nucleus function

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14
Q

protein synthesis, energy production, and cell division takes place

A

Cytoplasm function

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15
Q

Plasma membrane function

A

Controls what comes in and goes out

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16
Q

Structures in cell

A
17
Q

The plasma membrane is best described by using a structural model called

A

Fluid mosaic model

18
Q

What is the fluid mosaic model?

A

Way to describe the cell membrane. It’s made up of of different parts and it’s all fluid proteins and flexible. Some proteins float freely and others are anchored to certain places

19
Q

The plasma membranes allow passage of several types of lipids, soluble molecules, but act as a barrier to the entry or exit of charged or polar substances some of the proteins in the plasma membrane allow movement of polar molecules and ions in and out of the cell other proteins can act as signal receptors or as molecules that linked the plasma membrane to

A

Intracellular or extracellular proteins

20
Q

Structure of the plasma membrane

A

Lipid bilayer

21
Q

Lipid bilayer

A

phospholipids
cholesterol
Glycolipids

22
Q

Lipid bilayer: phospholipids

A

Lipid that contains phosphorus

75% of the membrane lipids

23
Q

Lipid bilayer: cholesterol

A

Present in smaller amounts

20%

24
Q

Lipid bilayer: glycolipids

A

Steriod with attached carbohydrates

5%

25
Q

Why is lipid bilayer present?

A

Because lipids are amphipathic meaning they have polar and non polar parts

Polar part is the phosphate containing “head” which is water LOVING

Non polar part is two long fatty acid containing tails that are water FEARING

26
Q

Functions of the plasma membrane

A

Barrier separating inside and outside of cell

controls the flow of substances in and out of the cell

helps identify the cell to other cells

participates in intracellular signalling

27
Q

Phospholipid molecules orientate themselves in the bilayer with their hydrophilic (water loving) heads facing

A

Outward

28
Q

Hydrophobic fatty acid tails in each half of the bilayer point toward

A

One another

(Forms non polar water fearing regain in membrane interior)

29
Q

Cholesterol molecules are weakly ___ and our interspersed among the other lipids in both layers of the membrane

A

Amphipathic (polar and non polar parts) water loving and water fearing

30
Q

Integral membrane functions

A

Ion channel (in and out of cell)
Transporter (transfers ions etc)
Receptor (detects and initiates cellular response)
Enzyme (chemical reaction)
Linker (links cells together)

31
Q

Transmembrane proteins versus peripheral proteins

A

Spanning into the entire lipid bilayer and protrude into cytosol and ECF

Does NOT span into entire bilayer, only attached to pollar heads of membranes/lipids

32
Q

Integral membrane proteins are

A

Amphipathic

33
Q

Glycoprotein

A

Proteins with carbohydrate groups, attached to the end that protrude into the ECF

34
Q

Glycol proteins are covered in a sugary coat called

A

Glycocalyx

35
Q

Cell identity markers

A

May enable a cell to recognize other cells of the same kind during tissue formation, or recognizing respond to potentially dangerous foreign cells

36
Q

Membranes are

A

Fluid structures

37
Q

Membrane permeability

A

Permits the passage of substances through it

38
Q

Selective permeability

A

Allow specific substances to pass through the membrane

BIOL 235 Chapter 1-10 Midterm 1 Review (3 decks)

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