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Organic Chemistry > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

alkane general formula

A

CnH2n+2

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2
Q

alkane naming: 1 Carbon

A

meth-

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3
Q

alkane naming: 2 Carbon

A

eth-

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4
Q

alkane naming: 3 Carbon

A

pro-

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5
Q

alkane naming: 4 Carbon

A

but-

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6
Q

alkane naming: 5 Carbon

A

pent-

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7
Q

alkane naming: 6 Carbon

A

hex-

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8
Q

alkane naming: 7 Carbon

A

hept-

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9
Q

alkane naming: 8 Carbon

A

oct-

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10
Q

alkane naming: 9 Carbon

A

non-

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11
Q

alkane naming: 10 Carbon

A

dec-

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12
Q

alkane naming: 11 Carbon

A

undec-

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13
Q

alkane naming: 12 Carbon

A

dodec-

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14
Q

IUPAC Rules

A
  1. longest chain is the base name
  2. number the longest chain beginning by the nearest constituent
  3. name the groups and give location, write them in alphabetical order
  4. use commas to separate numbers from numbers, dashes to separate letters from numbers
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15
Q

describe “iso”

A

a Y structure, split at the end

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16
Q

describe “sec-butyl”

A

a secondary carbon

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17
Q

describe a “tert-butyl”

A

a tertiary carbon

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18
Q

naming multiple groups: 2

A

di-

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19
Q

naming multiple groups: 3

A

tri-

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20
Q

naming multiple groups: 4

A

tetra-

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21
Q

naming multiple groups: 5-10

A

same as alkane naming

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22
Q

cycloalkane general formula

A

CnH2n

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23
Q

__________ compounds are named by attaching the prefix “cyclo” to the root chain

A

monocyclic

24
Q

when naming a cycloalkane, the root is assigned to __________

A

the greatest number of carbons

25
Q

when naming a cycloalkane, if there is only 1 substituent, the location can be _____________

A

omitted

26
Q

what are bicyclic compounds?

A

composed of 2 distinct rings attached by one bond

27
Q

what are bridged compounds?

A

unique types of bicyclic molecules composed of 3 rings attached by 2 bridgeheads

28
Q

physical properties of a cycloalkane

A
  • nonpolar
  • relatively inert
  • boiling and melting point depend on molecular weight
29
Q

cis (Z)

A

largest substituents are on the same side

30
Q

trans (E)

A

largest substituents on opposite sides

31
Q

wedge

A

towards you

32
Q

dash

A

away from you

33
Q

how to determine is it is an isomer or conformer based off of cis and trans?

A

if double bonds are switching locations (cis becomes trans, trans becomes cis) it is an isomer. if single bonds are rotating (cis is still cis, trans is still trans), that is a conformer.

34
Q

trend of boiling point of alkanes

A

as the number of carbons increase, boiling point increases

35
Q

trend of melting point of alkanes

A
  • melting point increases as the carbon chain increases
  • even numbers have higher melting point than odd number alkanes
36
Q

newman projection

A

drawings used to help us visualize all conformers that can be made by rotating a sigma bond

37
Q

newman projection: 0 degrees

A

eclipsed

38
Q

newman projection: 60 degrees

A

gauche

39
Q

newman projection: 180 degrees

A

anti

40
Q

newman projection energy and stability: eclipsed

A

highest energy, lowest stability

41
Q

newman projection energy and stability: gauche

A

middle energy, middle stability

42
Q

newman projection energy and stability: anti

A

lowest energy, most stable

43
Q

conformational energy: CH3/CH3 eclipsed

A

11 kj/mol

44
Q

conformational energy: CH3/H eclipsed

A

6 kj/mol

45
Q

conformational energy: H/H eclipsed

A

4 kj/mol

46
Q

conformational energy: CH3/CH3 gauche

A

3.8 kj/mol

47
Q

higher the heat of combustion: ___ energy, ___ stability

A

higher energy, lower stability

48
Q

lower the heat of combustion: ___ energy, ___ stability

A

lower energy, higher stability

49
Q

straight chains are _______ stable than branches chains

A

less

50
Q

angle strain

A

when cyclic tetrahedral bongs are forced out of their ideal bond angle of 109.5 (the smaller the cycloalkane, the more angle strain)

51
Q

torsional strain

A

exists when neighboring carbons possess hydrogens that overlap in space (eclipse)

52
Q

axial position

A

vertically parallel to the axis of the ring

53
Q

equatorial position

A

outward toward equator

54
Q

is axial or equatorial more stable?

A

equatorial

55
Q

when a chair conformation flips: axial become ______

A

equatorial

56
Q

when a chair conformation flips: equatorial become ______

A

axial

Organic Chemistry (9 decks)

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