Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organic Chemistry > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

define organic chemistry

A

chemistry of carbon compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define atomic numer

A

protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define mass number

A

protons + neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define isotope

A

same atomic number but differing neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

define valence electrons

A

electrons on the outermost shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

define the Aufbau principle

A

must fill the lowest energy orbitals first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

define hunds rule

A

when there are two or more orbitals of the same energy, electrons will go into different orbital rather than pairing up in the same orbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

define ionic bonding

A
  • metal and a nonmetal
  • transferring of electrons
  • opposite charges attract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

define covalent bonding

A
  • two or more nonmetals
  • electrons are charged
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

define non polar covalent

A

electrons are shared equally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

define polar covalent

A

electrons are not shared equally
(one molecule is more electronegative)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

formal charge equation

A

should - has

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bonding pattern: Carbon

A

4 bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

bonding pattern: Hydrogen

A

single

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bonding pattern: Oxygen

A

2 bonds, 2 lone pairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

bonding pattern: Nitrogen

A

3 bonds, 1 lone pair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

define sigma bond

A

a single bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

define a pi bond

A
  • double bond (1 pi bond)
  • triple bond (2 pi bonds)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

define resonance forms

A

lewis structures that can be interconverted by moving electrons only

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

major resonance for criteria

A
  1. as many octets as possible
  2. as many bonds as possible
  3. charge on most electronegative atom
  4. same charge
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: meth-

A

1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: eth-

A

2

23
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: pro-

A

3

24
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: but-

A

4

25
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: pent-

A

5

26
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: hex-

A

6

27
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: hept-

A

7

28
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: oct-

A

8

29
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: non-

A

9

30
Q

Number of Carbons prefix: dec-

A

10

31
Q

primary carbon

A

only attached to 1 carbon

32
Q

secondary carbon

A

attached to 2 carbons

33
Q

tertiary carbon

A

attached to 3 carbons

34
Q

define iso-

A

split on the end of a structure

35
Q

define sec-

A

attached to a secondary carbon

36
Q

define tert-

A

attached to a tertiary carbon

37
Q

define cis

A

on the same side of the molecule
(ex: 2 wedges)

38
Q

define trans

A

on opposite sides of the molecule
(ex: one wedge and one dash)

39
Q

rules of resonance: cations

A
  • 1 arrow
  • whole steps
  • arrows move bond to bond
40
Q

rules of resonance: anions

A
  • 2 arrows
  • 1/2 steps
  • arrows move bond to atom and atom to bond
41
Q

arrows go from ____ electron density to ____ electron density in resonance

A

high, low

42
Q

define VSEPR

A

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory

43
Q

sp bond angle

A

180

44
Q

sp2 bond angle

A

120

45
Q

sp3 bond angle

A

109.5

46
Q

single bond and double bond rotation rules

A
  • single bond=allowed to rotate
  • double bond=CANNOT rotate
47
Q

what would make something more polar?

A

larger distance of electronegativity between atoms

48
Q

steps to determine hybridization

A
  1. count the number of atoms connected to the central atom
  2. count the number of lone pairs on the central atom
  3. add these values together
    - sp = 2
    - sp2 = 3
    - sp3 = 4
49
Q

define isomer

A

same molecular formula but differ in arrangement

50
Q

define constitutional isomer

A

differs in bonding sequence

51
Q

define stereoisomer

A

cis (same side) vs trans (opposite sides)

52
Q

why would isomers have the same mass?

A

because they have the same molecular formula

53
Q
A

Organic Chemistry (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions