Chapter 3 Flashcards
General CHN Functions: Care and Counseling
-Patient centered
-Patient driven
-Culturally safe
-Strengths-based
Care and Counselling includes:
Risk assessment
Response and outreach
Definition of Risk Communication
A strategic health education intervention that involves exchanging information on the potential harm of health or environmental hazards to risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media and interest groups
Definition of Outreach
Needs early involvement of key stakeholders.
General CHN Functions:
Continuity of care
Referrals
Discharge planning
Referral process
The systemic process of directing a client to another source of assistance when the patient or CHN is unable to address the patients issue.
Consider: Client needs, availability and sustainability of local resources, capacity of the referring organization and the service referred to
Follow up with the client/family, to evaluate
The client has the right to use or not use the referral
Discharge Planning
Work with the community case manager to help transition client to community
Include family and clients as partners
“Process that connects patients and services to ensure an appropriate flow or continuity of care after hospital and in the community”
General CHN Functions:
Health Education Includes:
Literacy and Health Literacy Assessment
Health Education Definition:
“Involves strategic practices to inform people about health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment. It is a common function and practice of CHNs in any number of roles and settings”
-Consider how will you involve caregivers
-Consider how you would design, implement and evaluate health education activities at all intervention levels (Primary, Secondary, and tertiary)
Literacy And Health Literacy Assessment:
Low literacy may be linked to factors like restricted education opportunities or length of time in a new country. It does NOT equate with intelligence
> 60% of adults and 88% of older adults in Canada are not considered ‘health literate’
Associated with poorer health outcomes
General CHN Functions:
Team building, community development and collaboration
-Joint decision making
-Mutual respect
-Team building
-Mediation
Community Development
-Support capacity building, empowerment
-Value community wisdom, support community-initiated plans for improving the environment, economy, etc.
-Help develop health care services and programs based on community health needs
-Support community ownership, build on strengths
-Support involvement in decision making processes related to health issues
Consultation, Decision Making, leadership and Followership
-CHN may be a resource
-Work collaboratively in relationships with clients and communities to support decisions and actions
-Problem solve using the nursing process, values clarification and brainstorming
-Use conflict management skills with goal of supporting community and preserve the dignity of all
Research and Evaluation; screening and surveillance
CHNs need to evaluate client and program outcomes, as well as the conditions and context of their work
CHNs may identify areas or practices that need to be studies or changed
Participatory research methodology involves community members in planning and carrying out research
Health Advocacy
WHO definition “a combination of individual and social actions designed (either on behalf of or with others) to gain political and community support of the conditions which promote health
There are 10 steps in Advocacy according to the International Council of Nurses
Case Management: 5 key components
1) Coordinating Care
2) Ensuring continuity of care
3) Identifying changes in patient condition
4) Evaluating Care delivered along with health team
5) Being aware of and understanding financial implications of the care plan
What are the 8 standards to guide all CHN practice in Canada
1) Health Promotion
2) Prevention and Health Protection
3) Health Maintenance, Restoration and Palliation
4) Professional Relationships
5) Capacity Building
6) Health equity
7) Evidence informed practice
8) Professional Responsibility and Accountability
Public Health Nursing (7)
Focused on the population level- what populations live in the community?
-Concern for vulnerable subpopulations
-Consideration for influences on health
-Looks at the connection between population health status and the environment
-Works WITH community members and with partners within and external to the health system
-Utilizes health promotion, disease prevention, and health maintenance strategies. Focus is on primary and secondary prevention.
Utilizes political processes to influence public policy towards achievement of goals
Upstream Approach
Can we create change in the cause of the causes or conditions that set up this illness or injury?
Midstream Approach
Can we create change in the causes at a local or organizational level?
Downstream approach
Individual/ curative focus
How can the illness/consequences be treated?
What are the public health nurse settings and populations?
-Home
-School
-Clinical settings
-Workplace
-Community health centers
PHN competency strategies
-Public Health and nursing sciences
-Assessment and analysis
-Policy and program planning, implementation and evaluation
-Partnerships, collaboration and advocacy
-Diversity and inclusiveness
-Communication
-Leadership
-Professional responsibility and accountability
The home health Nurse
-Includes an arrangment of disease prevention, health promotion, and episodic illness-related services provided to people in their places of residence
-Focuses on individual clients, their caregivers and families
-Collaborate with families and other caregivers
The Hospice Palliative Care Nurse
Setting: Within a home, palliative care unit on a hospital or hospice
Goal: To reduce pain and suffering
Nursing functions include: Assessing pt response to treatment, reporting findings to pt physician, collaborating to modify treatment plan.
The Occupational Health Nurse
Focuses on workplace health and safety in settings such as corporations, manufacturing companies, construction sites, government settings, and health care facilities
GOAL: To promote health and safety within the workplace- enhancing population health. At a systems level, to create a comfortable psychosocial work environment that contributes to productivity.
Role:
Collaborate with physicians in the community or occupational medicine physician when needed
Conduct occupational and environmental health histories, individual and workplace assessments, worksite walk-throughs
The nurse Practitioner
RN with a minimum grade level
CAn either practice as Acute care NP or Primary health Care NP
Scope: Assessment, diagnosis, and management of client care for episodic conditions across a lifespan and manage/monitor clients with chronic disease
Authority to independently practice
May perform prescribing certain medications, ordering particular diagnostic tests and screening tests. Work in collaboration with physicians
Core competencies for NP’s
Corrections Nursing
-RN
-Works within correctional facilities
-Direct Care
-Health promotion is a focus
-Disease Prevention
-Crisis intervention
-Inmate advocacy
Forensic Nurses:
RNs with specialized “education in forensic science in order to provide specialized care to persons who have experienced trauma or death from violence, criminal activity, or traumatic accidents.
Usually in psychiatric hospitals, correctional institutions, and or clinics
SANE
Outreach nurse
-RN with community health nursing experience
-Clients may be homeless, may have substance use disorder or mental illness
-May provide first aid, referral to resources like food banks, counselling, wound care, needle exchange, testing for STIs, advocacy for social issues, assistance accessing or improving social programs to reduce poverty, health education, health promotion
The Telenurse
Virtual Care- remote care between patients and caregivers
-Requires RN with specialized knowledge enhanced assessment skills and strong clinical knowledge
Helps decrease the cost and other challenges with travel. Opens opportunity for interprofessional team collaboration
Telehealth
The use of information technology to deliver health care services at a distance
Telenurse definition
The use of virtual care technologies for triaging, delivering nursing care, and managing and coordinating health care and services using protocols
The Parish Nurse
RN with further
education in pastoral care
and social sciences.
Work towards a caring
congregation to support
health & spiritually
satisfying lives.
“a registered nurse with
specialized knowledge,
who is called to ministry
and affirmed by a faith
community to promote
health, healing and
wholeness”
