Chapter 3

Question 1

General CHN Functions: Care and Counseling

Answer 1

-Patient centered
-Patient driven
-Culturally safe
-Strengths-based

Question 2

Care and Counselling includes:

Answer 2

Risk assessment
Response and outreach

Question 3

Definition of Risk Communication

Answer 3

A strategic health education intervention that involves exchanging information on the potential harm of health or environmental hazards to risk assessors and managers, the general public, news media and interest groups

Question 4

Definition of Outreach

Answer 4

Needs early involvement of key stakeholders.

Question 5

General CHN Functions:
Continuity of care

Answer 5

Referrals
Discharge planning

Question 6

Referral process

Answer 6

The systemic process of directing a client to another source of assistance when the patient or CHN is unable to address the patients issue.

Consider: Client needs, availability and sustainability of local resources, capacity of the referring organization and the service referred to

Follow up with the client/family, to evaluate

The client has the right to use or not use the referral

Question 7

Discharge Planning

Answer 7

Work with the community case manager to help transition client to community

Include family and clients as partners

“Process that connects patients and services to ensure an appropriate flow or continuity of care after hospital and in the community”

Question 8

General CHN Functions:
Health Education Includes:

Answer 8

Literacy and Health Literacy Assessment

Question 9

Health Education Definition:

Answer 9

“Involves strategic practices to inform people about health promotion, illness prevention, and treatment. It is a common function and practice of CHNs in any number of roles and settings”

-Consider how will you involve caregivers

-Consider how you would design, implement and evaluate health education activities at all intervention levels (Primary, Secondary, and tertiary)

Question 10

Literacy And Health Literacy Assessment:

Answer 10

Low literacy may be linked to factors like restricted education opportunities or length of time in a new country. It does NOT equate with intelligence

> 60% of adults and 88% of older adults in Canada are not considered ‘health literate’

Associated with poorer health outcomes

Question 11

General CHN Functions:
Team building, community development and collaboration

Answer 11

-Joint decision making
-Mutual respect
-Team building
-Mediation

Question 12

Community Development

Answer 12

-Support capacity building, empowerment

-Value community wisdom, support community-initiated plans for improving the environment, economy, etc.

-Help develop health care services and programs based on community health needs

-Support community ownership, build on strengths

-Support involvement in decision making processes related to health issues

Question 13

Consultation, Decision Making, leadership and Followership

Answer 13

-CHN may be a resource

-Work collaboratively in relationships with clients and communities to support decisions and actions

-Problem solve using the nursing process, values clarification and brainstorming

-Use conflict management skills with goal of supporting community and preserve the dignity of all

Question 14

Research and Evaluation; screening and surveillance

Answer 14

CHNs need to evaluate client and program outcomes, as well as the conditions and context of their work

CHNs may identify areas or practices that need to be studies or changed

Participatory research methodology involves community members in planning and carrying out research

Question 15

Health Advocacy

Answer 15

WHO definition “a combination of individual and social actions designed (either on behalf of or with others) to gain political and community support of the conditions which promote health

There are 10 steps in Advocacy according to the International Council of Nurses

Question 16

Case Management: 5 key components

Answer 16

1) Coordinating Care

2) Ensuring continuity of care

3) Identifying changes in patient condition

4) Evaluating Care delivered along with health team

5) Being aware of and understanding financial implications of the care plan

Question 17

What are the 8 standards to guide all CHN practice in Canada

Answer 17

1) Health Promotion

2) Prevention and Health Protection

3) Health Maintenance, Restoration and Palliation

4) Professional Relationships

5) Capacity Building

6) Health equity

7) Evidence informed practice

8) Professional Responsibility and Accountability

Question 18

Public Health Nursing (7)

Answer 18

Focused on the population level- what populations live in the community?

-Concern for vulnerable subpopulations

-Consideration for influences on health

-Looks at the connection between population health status and the environment

-Works WITH community members and with partners within and external to the health system

-Utilizes health promotion, disease prevention, and health maintenance strategies. Focus is on primary and secondary prevention.

Utilizes political processes to influence public policy towards achievement of goals

Question 19

Upstream Approach

Answer 19

Can we create change in the cause of the causes or conditions that set up this illness or injury?

Question 20

Midstream Approach

Answer 20

Can we create change in the causes at a local or organizational level?

Question 21

Downstream approach

Answer 21

Individual/ curative focus

How can the illness/consequences be treated?

Question 22

What are the public health nurse settings and populations?

Answer 22

-Home
-School
-Clinical settings
-Workplace
-Community health centers

Question 23

PHN competency strategies

Answer 23

-Public Health and nursing sciences

-Assessment and analysis

-Policy and program planning, implementation and evaluation

-Partnerships, collaboration and advocacy

-Diversity and inclusiveness

-Communication

-Leadership

-Professional responsibility and accountability

Question 24

The home health Nurse

Answer 24

-Includes an arrangment of disease prevention, health promotion, and episodic illness-related services provided to people in their places of residence

-Focuses on individual clients, their caregivers and families

-Collaborate with families and other caregivers

Question 25

The Hospice Palliative Care Nurse

Answer 25

Setting: Within a home, palliative care unit on a hospital or hospice

Goal: To reduce pain and suffering

Nursing functions include: Assessing pt response to treatment, reporting findings to pt physician, collaborating to modify treatment plan.

Question 26

The Occupational Health Nurse

Answer 26

Focuses on workplace health and safety in settings such as corporations, manufacturing companies, construction sites, government settings, and health care facilities

GOAL: To promote health and safety within the workplace- enhancing population health. At a systems level, to create a comfortable psychosocial work environment that contributes to productivity.

Role:
Collaborate with physicians in the community or occupational medicine physician when needed

Conduct occupational and environmental health histories, individual and workplace assessments, worksite walk-throughs

Question 27

The nurse Practitioner

Answer 27

RN with a minimum grade level

CAn either practice as Acute care NP or Primary health Care NP

Scope: Assessment, diagnosis, and management of client care for episodic conditions across a lifespan and manage/monitor clients with chronic disease

Authority to independently practice

May perform prescribing certain medications, ordering particular diagnostic tests and screening tests. Work in collaboration with physicians

Core competencies for NP’s

Question 28

Corrections Nursing

Answer 28

-RN

-Works within correctional facilities

-Direct Care

-Health promotion is a focus

-Disease Prevention

-Crisis intervention

-Inmate advocacy

Question 29

Forensic Nurses:

Answer 29

RNs with specialized “education in forensic science in order to provide specialized care to persons who have experienced trauma or death from violence, criminal activity, or traumatic accidents.

Usually in psychiatric hospitals, correctional institutions, and or clinics

SANE

Question 30

Outreach nurse

Answer 30

-RN with community health nursing experience

-Clients may be homeless, may have substance use disorder or mental illness

-May provide first aid, referral to resources like food banks, counselling, wound care, needle exchange, testing for STIs, advocacy for social issues, assistance accessing or improving social programs to reduce poverty, health education, health promotion

Question 31

The Telenurse

Answer 31

Virtual Care- remote care between patients and caregivers

-Requires RN with specialized knowledge enhanced assessment skills and strong clinical knowledge

Helps decrease the cost and other challenges with travel. Opens opportunity for interprofessional team collaboration

Question 32

Telehealth

Answer 32

The use of information technology to deliver health care services at a distance

Question 33

Telenurse definition

Answer 33

The use of virtual care technologies for triaging, delivering nursing care, and managing and coordinating health care and services using protocols

Question 34

The Parish Nurse

Answer 34

RN with further
education in pastoral care
and social sciences.

Work towards a caring
congregation to support
health & spiritually
satisfying lives.

“a registered nurse with
specialized knowledge,
who is called to ministry
and affirmed by a faith
community to promote
health, healing and
wholeness”