Chapter 2 Flashcards
Community Health Nursing Definition
Nurses who work in and with the community in a variety of practice areas, such as home health nursing, public health nursing, occupational health nursing, forensic nursing, parish nursing, and as nurse practitioners
Why study the history of community nursing?
Lessons learned provide current and future community health nursing practice direction
Allows nurses to function effectively in the current sociopolitical and economic environments
Definition of Historical Roots
Indigenous people in Canada historically saw the importance of caring for the environment and relationships with the ecosystem as central to health.
Definition of Global Roots
-Babylonians understood need for hygiene, had some medical skills
-Egyptians developed drug preparations. Also constructed outdoor toilets and public drainage systems
-Ancient Greeks practice personal health-promoting behaviors
Florence Nightingale?
Improved soldiers’ health in hospitals in Istanbul through improving environmental conditions and nursing care
She used charts and measures to track patterns of disease and death- documenting a decreased mortality rate over the course of the war.
Nightingale returned to England in 1856 which marks the beginning of CHN practices as we know it today
Early Public Health in Canada ? (6)
-Dealing with epidemics drove early public heath practice
-Diseases originating in Europe devastated Indigenous people during colonization
-Rapid growth = inadequate housing, poor sanitation = epidemics
-Programs to protect the public began without respect to indigenous knowledge of healing and community health.
-In western Canada, Health care was generally provided by informal supports including indigenous women as the area population was sparse before 1890
-Indigenous women continued to act as midwives and provided plant-based medicines in communities and to settlers
Milestones in Canada (7)
-In early years of colonization, women gave informal care in home often with indigenous women healer giving support
-Starting in 1700’s, compassionate caregivers (religious orders, women, wealthy philanthropists) took care of those unable to afford caregivers.
-1st professional nursing association: International Council of Nurse (ICN) was established in 1899
-In 1908, the provisional society of the Canadian National Association of Trained Nurses originated. By 1924, it was renamed the Canadian Nurses Association (CNA)
-In 1930, provincial nursing organizations developed and advanced the profession
-Organized public health nursing began in the early 1900’s. Initial focus on disease. Initially TB home visits, and then school nurses, and eventually shifted to maternal child health before WW1
-In 1920, the Canadian Public Health Association was Founded
Lillian Wald?
She saw that social and economic context of sickness was important in public health nursing.
Established first PH nursing program for life insurance policyholders of company Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.
She pioneered PHN by placing nurses in public schools and by helping found the National Organization for Public Health Nursing and Columbia University’s School of Nursing
Eunice Dyke?
In early 1900’s trained at Johns Hopkins
Was the first Director of Public Health Nursing in the Toronto Department of Health.
Decentralized public health nursing practice. Moved it from specialist to generalist as saw family, home and community were all essential pieces of practice.
Hired foreign language speaking nurses
Who was the first province to create a PH nursing service?
Manitoba
Kate Brightly Colley?
Established many long term care facilities in Alberta and used radio broadcasts to reach community residents
Kathleen Russell
PHN instrumental in establishing the first integrated nursing degree in Canada- Included public health nursing education.
What was Community Health Nurses Association of Canada renamed to?
Community Health Nurses of Canada