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PSY 101 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

Our subjective awareness of ourselves and our environment.

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2
Q

States of Consciousness

A
  1. Spontaneous (ex. daydreaming)
  2. Physiologically Induced (ex. hallucinations)
  3. Psychologically Induced (ex. hypnosis)
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3
Q

Cognitive Neuroscience

A

The study of brain activity linked with cognition.

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4
Q

Selective Attention

A

Focusing conscious awareness on a particular stimulus.

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5
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

Failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

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6
Q

Inattentional Numbness

A

Failing to account for a stimulus when distracted.

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7
Q

Change Blindness

A

A form of inattentional blindness that fails to notice changes in an environment.

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8
Q

Dual Processing

A

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

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9
Q

Blindsight

A

A condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

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10
Q

Parallel Processing

A

Unconsciously processing many aspects of a stimulus or problem simultaneously.

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11
Q

Sequential Processing

A

Consciously processing one aspect of a stimulus or problem at a time.

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12
Q

Circadian Rhythm

A

Our biological clock that manages bodily rhythms occurring in a 24-hr. cycle.

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13
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

A pair of cell clusters in the hypothalamus that control the circadian rhythm. In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feeling of sleepiness.

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14
Q

Alpha Waves

A

The relatively slow brain wave of a relaxed, awake state.

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15
Q

Delta Waves

A

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

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16
Q

N1 Sleep

A

Slowed breathing, hallucinations, perceptual window mostly closes.

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17
Q

N2 Sleep

A

Sleep spindles (bursts of brain activity which helps memory) Lasts about 20 minutes.

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18
Q

N3 Sleep

A

Slow delta waves, hard to awaken. Lasts about 30 minutes.

19
Q

REM Sleep

A

Rapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.

20
Q

Why We Sleep

A
  1. Sleep Protects
  2. Sleep Helps Us Recuperate
  3. Sleep Helps Us Restore and Rebuild Memories
  4. Sleep Feeds Creative Thinking
  5. Sleep Supports Growth
21
Q

Effects of Sleep Loss

A
  1. Sleep Debt
  2. Can Cause Weight Gain
  3. Decreases Quality Cognitive Function
  4. Decreases Quality Physical Function
  5. Suppresses Immune Cells
22
Q

REM Rebound

A

Tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

23
Q

Sleep Disorders

A
  1. Insomnia- chronic tiredness, risk for depression/obesity
  2. Sleep Apnea- fatigue, depression, obesity
  3. Narcolepsy- falling asleep at dangerous moment
  4. Sleepwalking/talking- no concerns
  5. Night Terrors- stress on heart/breathing
24
Q

What We Dream

A
  1. The previous day’s experiences
  2. Nightmares after a traumatic event
  3. Doing things we aren’t able to do in real life
  4. Can’t learn recorded info, but can learn to associate sounds with stimuli
25
Q

Why We Dream

A
  1. To Satisfy Our Own Wishes- manifest and latent content
  2. Information Processing- memories
  3. Physiological Function- develop/persevere neural pathways
  4. Activation Synthesis- make sense of random neural activity
  5. Cognitive Development
26
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods.

27
Q

Substance Use Disorder

A

A disorder characterized by continued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.

28
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs, such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates, that reduce neural activity and slow brain functions

29
Q

Alcohol

A

A disinhibitory, which slows brain activity that controls judgement and inhibitions by releasing dopamine into the brain.

30
Q

Effects of Alcohol

A
  1. Slows Neural Processing- reactions slow/speech slurs
  2. Disrupts Memory- nerve/cell death, reduces birth of new cells, impairs growth of synaptic connections, suppresses REM
  3. Reduces Self-Awareness- focuses or arousing situations and distracts from inhibitions/consequences
  4. Causes Expectancy Effects
31
Q

Alcohol Use Disorder

A

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal, and a drive to continue problematic use.

32
Q

Barbiturates

A

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.

33
Q

Opiates

A

Depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety. May lead to the lack of naturally produced endorphins.

34
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs, such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, meth, and ecstasy, that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. They cause people to feel alert, lose weight, boost mood, or boost athletic performance.

35
Q

Nicotine

A

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco products that can diminish appetite, boost alertness/mental efficiency, calm anxiety, and reduce sensitivity to pain. Tolerance can lead to painful withdrawal.

36
Q

Cocaine

A

A powerful and addictive stimulant derived from the cocoa plant which produces temporarily increased alertness and euphoria, followed by a crash of aggravated depression. Crack cocaine heightens both high and crash.

37
Q

Methamphetamine

A

A powerful addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, which accelerated body functions and associated energy and mood changes. Overtime, it reduces baseline dopamine levels.

38
Q

Ecstasy (MDMA)

A

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces long spouts of euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

39
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Psychedelic drugs, like LSD and Marijuana, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input. These drugs can be synthetic or natural.

40
Q

LSD

A

A powerful hallucinogenic drug that causes an interrupted stream of fantastic pictures and extraordinary shapes with intense, kaleidoscopic play of colors.

41
Q

Marijuana

A

A hallucinogenic drug that relaxes, disinhibits, and may produce a euphoric high. Has similar effects as alcohol, and is known as the gateway drug.

42
Q

Biopsychosocial Influences on Drugs

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Mental Illness
  3. Low Self-Esteem
  4. Peer Pressure
  5. Family/Cultural Examples
43
Q

Drug Prevention

A
  1. Educate Young People
  2. Help Young People Find Other Ways
  3. Teach Young People To Say No

PSY 101 (6 decks)

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