Chapter 3 Flashcards
What type of energy ionized matter?
High-energy
Who developed the Electromagnetic Theory?
James Maxwell
What is the EM Theory?
Electromagnetic radiation is an electric and magnetic disturbance traveling through space at the speed of light
All of the spectrum travels at the:
Speed of Light
3x10^8 m/s
186,000 miles/s
How is frequency, energy, and wavelength related?
Low energy, low frequency, long wavelength
High energy, high frequency, short wavelength
How is frequency measured?
Hertz
How is wavelength measured?
Meters
How is the energy of EM radiation measured?
eV
How do the electric field and magnetic field line up with each other?
90 degree right angle sine waves
EM can exist without:
Matter/medium
Equation to figure out energy
E=hf
h = planck’s constant
f = frequency
Planck’s constant
6.626 x 10^-34 J/sec
4.135 x 10^-15 eV/sec
What is Wave-Particle Duality?
EM Radiation can act either as a particle or a wave depending on its energy
What is Amplitude?
Max height of wave
What is Wavelength?
Wave distance from peak to peak
What is Frequency?
How many waves pass in a certain time period
Equation for velocity
Velocity = frequency x wavelength
V is replaced with C; the constant for SOL
Inverse square law can be used for:
Luminosity
Intensity of radiation
How many cycles per second is the AC sine wave?
60 cycles per second (120 pulses)
1 Hz is equal to:
1 cycle per second (2 pulses)
How is high-energy radiation different than low-energy?
Ability to ionize matter
What is the most natuarally occurring radioactive gas?
Radon
What are examples of non-ionizing radiation?
Microwaves, infared, radiowaves, visible light, UV light
What type of radiation is used for Nuclear medicine and Radiation Therapy?
Alpha and Beta Radiation
What is Radioactivity?
An atom with excess energy gets rid of it to try to stabilize
What is half-life?
The amount of time it takes the radioactive element to rid itself of half of its original amount
What makes up an Alpha particle?
2 protons and 2 neutrons (positive particle)
What is a Beta particle?
Particle emitted from the unstable nucleus; can have a negative or positive charge
A positive Beta particle is called a:
Positron
X-rays are considered what type of line and threshold?
Linear and Non-threshold - any amount past zero is bad
What are the 3 different types of lines?
Linear - straight
1 curve - curvilinear
2 curves - sigmoidal
