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Radiologic Physics > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What was Bohr’s theory?

A

Described the atom as having 3 fundamental properties - electrons, neutrons, and protons

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2
Q

What is the atom made of?

A

Protons and nuetrons

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3
Q

What makes up the mass number?

A

Protons + neutrons

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4
Q

What does the atomic number represent?

A

Number of protons

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5
Q

The number of protons also equals the number of:

A

Electrons

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6
Q

What creates binding energy?

A

Neutrons and protons having a neutral and positive charge

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7
Q

Electons orbit starting with the letter:

A

K

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8
Q

How are electrons held in orbit?

A

Electron binding energy

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9
Q

Relationship between ebe and distance of the shell to the nucleus

A

The closer the shell to the nucleus, the stronger the ebe

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10
Q

How is ebe measured?

A

EV (electron volts)

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11
Q

If proton and electron number is the same, the atom is considered:

A

Neutral

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12
Q

What is cation?

A

One more proton than electron in the atom

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13
Q

What is anion?

A

One more electron than proton in the atom

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14
Q

The most electrons the OUTER shell can have is:

A

8

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15
Q

Electron shell formula:

A

2n^2

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16
Q

When an atom has an electron removed from its orbit, its considered:

A

Ionized

17
Q

What 2 tungsten interactions occur at the anode?

A

Characteristic radiation
Brehmsstralung radiation

18
Q

What is differential absorption?

A

Different atomic structures absorb differently

19
Q

Properties of electrons

A

Have a variable speed
Has a very small mass
Negative charged

20
Q

Properties of photons

A

Travel SOLONAA
Have no mass
Have no charge

21
Q

What is the ebe of the K shell of Tungsten?

A

69.5 eV

22
Q

What are the energies of the beam before half value layer?

A

Heterogeanous

23
Q

What are the energies of the beam after the half value layer?

A

Homogenous

24
Q

How many times can scatter hit matter and what happens to its power?

A

Two times
1/1000th
1/1000000th

25
Q

What are the 3 types of scatter?

A

Compton
Photoelectron
Unmodified (Coherent)

26
Q

What is Planck’s Constant?

A

6.626 x 10^-34

27
Q

What is Characteristic Radiation?

A

An electron from the filament electron stream knocks out the k-shell electron from Tungsten

This produces a charactersistic photon along with cascading weaker photons from the filling back up of orbits

The atom will be unstable, and will pull electrons from other shells until its stable again

The initial Characteristic Xray is the only ones that are considered diagnostically useful

28
Q

What is Brehm’s radiation?

A

“Breaking radiation”

The filament electron gets attracted to the nucleus and “breaks” or slows down and changes directions.

The resulting loss of energy creates a photon

Misses all of the other orbital electrons

Considered a weak photon and will be absorbed in filtration

29
Q

When does Brehm’s radiation occur?

A

When photon energy is below 69.5 eV

30
Q

How does the atomic number affect electrons and interactions?

A

Higher the atomic number, the greater the electrons, the greater the number of interactions

31
Q

What letter represents Atomic number?

A

Z

32
Q

What letter represents atomic mass?

A

A

33
Q

What is Coherent Scattering?

A

Photon strikes an atom

Atom absorbs photon and becomes excited

Atom releases excess energy in the form of another photon

Proceeds in different direction

34
Q

What is Compton scattering?

A

Photon strikes atom and uses a portion of energy to eject outer shell electron

Remainder of energy proceeds in different direction - can react with patient or exit

Ejected electron travels until combined with matter

35
Q

What is Photoelectric Absoprtion?

A

Photon strikes inner shell electron and ejects it

Travels until it combines with other matter

Outer shell electrons move to fill vacancies and they release energy in the form of xrays known as secondary radiation

36
Q

What type of scatter is least likely to occur?

A

Coherent

37
Q

What type of scatter is the most common?

A

Compton

Radiologic Physics (9 decks)

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