Chapter 2

Question 1

What was Bohr’s theory?

Answer 1

Described the atom as having 3 fundamental properties - electrons, neutrons, and protons

Question 2

What is the atom made of?

Answer 2

Protons and nuetrons

Question 3

What makes up the mass number?

Answer 3

Protons + neutrons

Question 4

What does the atomic number represent?

Answer 4

Number of protons

Question 5

The number of protons also equals the number of:

Answer 5

Electrons

Question 6

What creates binding energy?

Answer 6

Neutrons and protons having a neutral and positive charge

Question 7

Electons orbit starting with the letter:

Answer 7

K

Question 8

How are electrons held in orbit?

Answer 8

Electron binding energy

Question 9

Relationship between ebe and distance of the shell to the nucleus

Answer 9

The closer the shell to the nucleus, the stronger the ebe

Question 10

How is ebe measured?

Answer 10

EV (electron volts)

Question 11

If proton and electron number is the same, the atom is considered:

Answer 11

Neutral

Question 12

What is cation?

Answer 12

One more proton than electron in the atom

Question 13

What is anion?

Answer 13

One more electron than proton in the atom

Question 14

The most electrons the OUTER shell can have is:

Answer 14

8

Question 15

Electron shell formula:

Answer 15

2n^2

Question 16

When an atom has an electron removed from its orbit, its considered:

Answer 16

Ionized

Question 17

What 2 tungsten interactions occur at the anode?

Answer 17

Characteristic radiation
Brehmsstralung radiation

Question 18

What is differential absorption?

Answer 18

Different atomic structures absorb differently

Question 19

Properties of electrons

Answer 19

Have a variable speed
Has a very small mass
Negative charged

Question 20

Properties of photons

Answer 20

Travel SOLONAA
Have no mass
Have no charge

Question 21

What is the ebe of the K shell of Tungsten?

Answer 21

69.5 eV

Question 22

What are the energies of the beam before half value layer?

Answer 22

Heterogeanous

Question 23

What are the energies of the beam after the half value layer?

Answer 23

Homogenous

Question 24

How many times can scatter hit matter and what happens to its power?

Answer 24

Two times
1/1000th
1/1000000th

Question 25

What are the 3 types of scatter?

Answer 25

Compton Photoelectron Unmodified (Coherent)

Question 26

What is Planck's Constant?

Answer 26

6.626 x 10^-34

Question 27

What is Characteristic Radiation?

Answer 27

An electron from the filament electron stream knocks out the k-shell electron from Tungsten This produces a charactersistic photon along with cascading weaker photons from the filling back up of orbits The atom will be unstable, and will pull electrons from other shells until its stable again The initial Characteristic Xray is the only ones that are considered diagnostically useful

Question 28

What is Brehm's radiation?

Answer 28

"Breaking radiation" The filament electron gets attracted to the nucleus and "breaks" or slows down and changes directions. The resulting loss of energy creates a photon Misses all of the other orbital electrons Considered a weak photon and will be absorbed in filtration

Question 29

When does Brehm's radiation occur?

Answer 29

When photon energy is below 69.5 eV

Question 30

How does the atomic number affect electrons and interactions?

Answer 30

Higher the atomic number, the greater the electrons, the greater the number of interactions

Question 31

What letter represents Atomic number?

Answer 31

Z

Question 32

What letter represents atomic mass?

Answer 32

A

Question 33

What is Coherent Scattering?

Answer 33

Photon strikes an atom Atom absorbs photon and becomes excited Atom releases excess energy in the form of another photon Proceeds in different direction

Question 34

What is Compton scattering?

Answer 34

Photon strikes atom and uses a portion of energy to eject outer shell electron Remainder of energy proceeds in different direction - can react with patient or exit Ejected electron travels until combined with matter

Question 35

What is Photoelectric Absoprtion?

Answer 35

Photon strikes inner shell electron and ejects it Travels until it combines with other matter Outer shell electrons move to fill vacancies and they release energy in the form of xrays known as secondary radiation

Question 36

What type of scatter is least likely to occur?

Answer 36

Coherent

Question 37

What type of scatter is the most common?

Answer 37

Compton