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Geography 151 > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

what mountain ranges divide europe from asia?

A

Ural and Caucasus

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2
Q

europe is considered the westernmost _____ of Eurasia

A

peninsula

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3
Q

what oceans surround europe?

A

above from left to right: north atlantic, artic ocean

below from left to right: mediterranean sea, black sea, and caspian sea

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4
Q

russia is ____________

A

transcontinental

treated as own region

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5
Q

europe has about ____ countries

A

50

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6
Q

europe has a _____ population density

A

high

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7
Q

population is _____ distributed within a continent

A

unevenly

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8
Q

countries in western region of europe

A

france, germany, switz, austria, belgium, netherlands

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9
Q

countries in northern region of europe

A

UK, norway, sweden, finland, estonia, latvia, lithuania

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10
Q

countries in eastern region of europe

A

poland, ukraine, romaina, belarus, bulgaria

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11
Q

countries in southern region of europe

A

spain, portugal, croatia, greece, italy

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12
Q

the physical isolation of the greek city-state caused …

A

them to often fight among themselves

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13
Q

where was the Persian empire located today?

A

modern day Iran

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14
Q

battle of thermopylae

A

story of 300 Spartans famously held off the Persian army for a short time

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15
Q

one of the largest land-empires in history was centered on ________, under the leader _________

A

Macedonia, Alexander the Great

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16
Q

the Levant

A

eastern edge of Roman Empire

meaning: to rise

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17
Q

roman empire grew so large, it split into two pieces:

A

west ruled from Rome, east ruled from Constantinople

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18
Q

shortly after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, _____ spread very rapidly (622-750) from its source in ______

A

Islam; Saudi Arabia

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19
Q

what country has the largest Muslim population?

A

Kosovo (96%)

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20
Q

natural border between france and spain, as well as where the Islamic expansion in france was stopped

A

Pyrenees Mountains

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21
Q

1580: Byzantium is now the _______

A

(Islamic) Ottoman Empire

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22
Q

Industrial Revolution

A

1750-1850
started in the United Kingdom

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23
Q

4 main machines of the industrial revolution

A

textiles - spinning mule (clothing)
steam power - steam engine (coal)
iron making
gas lighting

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24
Q

_____ publishes the Communist Manifesto in 1848

A

Karl Marx

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25
Q

nation-state

A

state that self-identifies as deriving its political legitimacy from serving a sovereign entity for a nation as a sovereign territorial unit; implies the nation and state coincide geographically

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26
Q

the balkan peninsula

A

power vacuum

greece, macedonia, albania, B+H, bulgaria, croatia, montenegro, romania, serbia and slovenia

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27
Q

balkanization

A

the process of fragmentation or division of a region or state into smaller regions or states that are often hostile or non-cooperative with each other

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28
Q

what is going on during the Balkan wars (1912-1913)?

A

serbia, germany, and russia want to expand
ottoman empire is weak
overall conflicts over colonial expanison

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29
Q

triple entente

A

russia, france, britain

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30
Q

triple alliance

A

italy, austria-hungary, germany

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31
Q

who did the balkans aid during WWI?

A

triple entente, alliance and ottoman empire

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32
Q

who did the ottoman empire ally with?

A

the triple alliance

33
Q

schlieffen plan

A

devised for WWI to knock France out of the war before Russia could mobilize through belgium

DID NOT WORK! actually made war worse, causing UK to join war

34
Q

______________ in 1917 ends the eastern front of WWI

A

Russian revolution

35
Q

important immediate outcomes of WWI

A

yugoslavia created
czechoslovakia created
LON created
rise of fascism in italy
communists in power in russia (now USSR)

36
Q

union of soviet socialist republicans (1922-1991)

A

USSR created from much of eastern europe and russia

large population, strongly centered in west

37
Q

yugoslavia after 1929 means

A

South Slavs

38
Q

nationalism

A

nation congruent with state

39
Q

Czechoslovakia carved from

A

germany austria and south poland after WWI

40
Q

who was seen as the instigator of WWI?

A

germany!

41
Q

what price did WWI cost germany?

A
  • vast strategic and rich portions of land
  • all colonies abroad
  • can’t develop military again after war
  • require to pay reparations
42
Q

League of Nations (LON)

A

forerunner of the UN
established 1919-1946
brainchild of US president woodrow wilson
greatest extend: 58 members

43
Q

what did the US do after WWI?

A

retreat into isolationism

44
Q

head of european fascism

A

benito mussolini (1922-1943)

45
Q

european fascism

A

“state above all”
authoritarian democracy

46
Q

what was thought to cause the build up to WWII?

A

LON was “toothless”, didn’t insert themselves/punish in conflicts

47
Q

Nazi-Soviet Pact

A

represents end of LON, invade Poland together

48
Q

Manstein plan

A

similar to Schlieffen plan, but actually works!

france surrenders after only a month in june 1940, worst military defeat ever

49
Q

germany surprise attacks ____ june 1941

A

USSR; doesn’t really work

50
Q

where does US arrive via operation torch in november 1942

A

Morocco

51
Q

what route does US take to get to france from morocco?

A

UK to france; ending in D-day june 1944

52
Q

why does germany surrender to US in 1945?

A

thought we would be better in terms of treatment

53
Q

eastern front was _____ and_______

A

larger; bloodier

54
Q

exclave

A

part of a country that is not physically continuous with the rest of it

55
Q

____ percent of germany’s population was killed

A

11

56
Q

what happened to berlin after WWII?

A

divided into four parts (UK, US, USSR, France) even though it is in deep soviet territory

57
Q

what dominants the UN?

A

the security council

58
Q

who is permanent members of the security council?

A

victors of WWII

US, UK, france, USSR/Russia, China

59
Q

west berlin is considered a …

A

political enclave

60
Q

enclave

A

territory that is completely surrounded by another (single) country

61
Q

NATO

A

“keep russians out, americans in, germans down”

collective defense agreement, attack on one of these countries is attacking all of these countries

62
Q

BeNeLux countries

A

belgium
netherlands
luxembourg

63
Q

NATO countries

A

BeNeLux
UK
France
US
Canada
Portugal
Italy
Norway
Denmark
Iceland

64
Q

marshall plan

A

rebuild war-torn western europe
- more US markets
- stop the spread of communism

65
Q

Warsaw Pact/Eastern Bloc

A

prompted by west germany joining NATO

collective defense agreement:
Poland
East Germany
Czech
Hungary
Albania
Bulgaria
Romania

66
Q

cold war (1947-1991)

A

europe is quiet, proxy wars fought elsewhere

67
Q

unwritten rule of cold war

A

soviets never fought US and vice versa!

68
Q

__________ in eastern Bloc countries increasingly apparent the end of the cold war, aka the ____________

A

economic rot; era of stagnation

69
Q

what dissolves in December 1991

A

USSR

70
Q

choke-point

A

small area where trade needs to pass through

71
Q

british overseas territory located at the southern tip of the ___________

A

iberian peninsula

72
Q

the iberian peninsula is a strategic _______ controlling entry into the ________

A

choke-point; mediterranean sea

73
Q

british isles consists of

A

UK and all of ireland

74
Q

United Kingdom

A

constitutional monarchy
6th largest economy
lasting global impact via colonialism
closest ally of US

75
Q

UK is the union of what 4 primary elements

A

england
wales
scotland
northern ireland

76
Q

western europe is typically ______, __________ with mixed economies

A

high-income; democratic

77
Q

when did yugoslavia finally dissolve and who had a prominent though controversial role in it?

A

2005; NATO

78
Q
A

Geography 151 (14 decks)

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