Chapter 1 Flashcards
projection
a flat map made from the round Earth, always has some distortion
what projection makes areas near the poles appear larger than they are and what is it good at?
Mercator; good at preserving shape but bad at preserving area (base map of Google Maps!)
is greenland a country?
greenland is not a sovereign state, belongs to Denmark but is autonomous/runs itself
autonomy and examples
limited freedom from an external authority
ex. Greenland, Hong Kong, Native American Countries
Sovereignty
supreme, independent authority over a geographic area
how many countries are there vs how many does the USA recognize vs how many does the Olympic Committee recognize?
About 200 vs.195 vs. 204
how many members does the UN have?
193
how many geographic entities does the CIA World Factbook list?
262
what country is perceived smaller than it actually is?
Africa
projections all have ______
distortions
What were the 6 countries that started the G6 in 1975?
France, Germany, Italy, Japan, US, UK
when did Canada join the G6–>G7
1976
Why did Russia join the G7–>G8 so late?
the cold war kept the western democracies and the eastern communist bloc fairly separate
what lead to Russia being forced out of the G8–>G7?
the annexation of Crimea in 2017
how much of the global nominal GDP does the G7 makeup?
31%
GDP
gross domestic product
the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year
what does GDP not take into consideration?
standard of living
the G-20 is …
an attempt to get all major economies talking, meant for regional representation
who in the G7 has the highest GDP w/ $25.5 trillion?
USA
when did the G20 replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations?
2009
the G20 accounts for ____ of the world’s nominal GDP
85%
what emerging global powers makes the acronym BRICS?
brazil
russia
india
china
south africa
what 6 countries were added to BRICS that challenges the G7?
saudi arabia
UAE
iran
ethiopia
egypt
argentina
top 5 countries in area
russia
canada
china
US
brazil
most famous data visualization/infographics was by who and represented what?
Charles Minard
Napoleon’s March on Moscow
mean
average
what are means sensitive to?
outliers
median
middle number
less sensitive to outliers
mean vs. median countries in relation to population
mean - malaysia
median - norway
median country is lower in terms of population, area and GDP
the G20 occupies ___ of the land area of the world, ____ of the population of the world, and ___ of the GDP of the world
59%; 62%; 85%
what two variables have a very strong positive correlation?
population and GDP
more people = more goods and services
as life expectancy goes up in a country, people tend to have ____ children
fewer
3 countries that are outliers between population and GDP
USA
China
India
GDP (PPP)
Purchasing Power Parity, adjustment for cost of living differences between countries
GDP per capita
divides GDP by population, good to compare the economic value of the average individual in a given country
explains many social factors
Gross National Income (GNI) or Gross National Product (GNP)
counts who produced the good rather than where
The Big Mac Index expresses …
the idea of purchasing power parity/cost of living differences between countries
how to calculate GDP per capita
GDP over population
human development index
composite index of life expectancy @ birth, education and income
GINI coefficient
measures income inequality
high GINI score vs. low GINI score
high = large difference between rich and poor
low = small difference between rich and poor
