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Geography 151 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

projection

A

a flat map made from the round Earth, always has some distortion

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2
Q

what projection makes areas near the poles appear larger than they are and what is it good at?

A

Mercator; good at preserving shape but bad at preserving area (base map of Google Maps!)

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3
Q

is greenland a country?

A

greenland is not a sovereign state, belongs to Denmark but is autonomous/runs itself

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4
Q

autonomy and examples

A

limited freedom from an external authority

ex. Greenland, Hong Kong, Native American Countries

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5
Q

Sovereignty

A

supreme, independent authority over a geographic area

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6
Q

how many countries are there vs how many does the USA recognize vs how many does the Olympic Committee recognize?

A

About 200 vs.195 vs. 204

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7
Q

how many members does the UN have?

A

193

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8
Q

how many geographic entities does the CIA World Factbook list?

A

262

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9
Q

what country is perceived smaller than it actually is?

A

Africa

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10
Q

projections all have ______

A

distortions

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11
Q

What were the 6 countries that started the G6 in 1975?

A

France, Germany, Italy, Japan, US, UK

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12
Q

when did Canada join the G6–>G7

A

1976

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13
Q

Why did Russia join the G7–>G8 so late?

A

the cold war kept the western democracies and the eastern communist bloc fairly separate

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14
Q

what lead to Russia being forced out of the G8–>G7?

A

the annexation of Crimea in 2017

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15
Q

how much of the global nominal GDP does the G7 makeup?

A

31%

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16
Q

GDP

A

gross domestic product

the total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year

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17
Q

what does GDP not take into consideration?

A

standard of living

18
Q

the G-20 is …

A

an attempt to get all major economies talking, meant for regional representation

19
Q

who in the G7 has the highest GDP w/ $25.5 trillion?

A

USA

20
Q

when did the G20 replace the G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations?

A

2009

21
Q

the G20 accounts for ____ of the world’s nominal GDP

A

85%

22
Q

what emerging global powers makes the acronym BRICS?

A

brazil
russia
india
china
south africa

23
Q

what 6 countries were added to BRICS that challenges the G7?

A

saudi arabia
UAE
iran
ethiopia
egypt
argentina

24
Q

top 5 countries in area

A

russia
canada
china
US
brazil

25
Q

most famous data visualization/infographics was by who and represented what?

A

Charles Minard
Napoleon’s March on Moscow

26
Q

mean

A

average

27
Q

what are means sensitive to?

A

outliers

28
Q

median

A

middle number

less sensitive to outliers

29
Q

mean vs. median countries in relation to population

A

mean - malaysia

median - norway

median country is lower in terms of population, area and GDP

30
Q

the G20 occupies ___ of the land area of the world, ____ of the population of the world, and ___ of the GDP of the world

A

59%; 62%; 85%

31
Q

what two variables have a very strong positive correlation?

A

population and GDP

more people = more goods and services

32
Q

as life expectancy goes up in a country, people tend to have ____ children

A

fewer

33
Q

3 countries that are outliers between population and GDP

A

USA
China
India

34
Q

GDP (PPP)

A

Purchasing Power Parity, adjustment for cost of living differences between countries

35
Q

GDP per capita

A

divides GDP by population, good to compare the economic value of the average individual in a given country

explains many social factors

36
Q

Gross National Income (GNI) or Gross National Product (GNP)

A

counts who produced the good rather than where

37
Q

The Big Mac Index expresses …

A

the idea of purchasing power parity/cost of living differences between countries

38
Q

how to calculate GDP per capita

A

GDP over population

39
Q

human development index

A

composite index of life expectancy @ birth, education and income

40
Q

GINI coefficient

A

measures income inequality

41
Q

high GINI score vs. low GINI score

A

high = large difference between rich and poor
low = small difference between rich and poor

42
Q
A

Geography 151 (14 decks)

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