Chapter 3

Question 1

Chi square formula

Answer 1

X^2= sum(O-E)^2/E

Question 2

Chi square hypothesis

Answer 2

high= do NOT reject
low= reject

Question 3

Gene

Answer 3

An inherited factor encoded in DNA that helps determine a characteristic

Question 4

Allele

Answer 4

One of two or more forms of genes

Question 5

Locus

Answer 5

Specific location on chromosome taken by allele

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

Set of alleles possed by organisms (AA or Aa)

Question 7

Heterozygote

Answer 7

Two different alleles at loci (Aa)

Question 8

Homozygote

Answer 8

Two same alleles at loci (AA/aa)

Question 9

Characteristic

Answer 9

attribute or feature (eye color)

Question 10

Phenotype

Answer 10

Manifestation of characteristic (blue eyes)

Question 11

Different alleles for a particular gene occupy the same locus on _________ ___________

Answer 11

homologues chromosome

Question 12

Monohybrid cross

Answer 12

Cross between two parents that differ in a single characteristic

Question 13

Principle of segregation: (Mendel’s first law)

Answer 13

Each individual diploid organism possesses two alleles for any particular characteristic. These two alleles segregate when gametes are formed, and one allele goes into each gamete.

Question 14

The concept of dominance

Answer 14

When two different alleles are present in a genotype, only the trait encoded by one of them―the “dominant” allele―is observed in the phenotype.

Question 15

Backcross

Answer 15

cross between and F1 genotype and either of the parental genotype.

Question 16

Multiplication rule

Answer 16

Probability of two or more independent events taking place together is calculated by multiplying their independent probabilities

Question 17

Addition rule

Answer 17

Probability of two or more mutually exclusive events is calculated by adding the probabilities of the events