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Strength & Conditioning > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Bioenergetics is defined as

A

The flow of energy in a biological system
The conversion of macro nutrients to biologically usable forms of energy

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2
Q

catabolism is defined as the

A

Breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules associated with the release of energy

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3
Q

Exergonic reactions are defined as

A

 Energy releasing reactions that are generally catabolic

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4
Q

anabolism is defined as

A

The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules can be accomplished using energy released from catabolic reactions

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5
Q

Endergonic reactions are those that require

A

Energy including anabolic process is a contraction of a muscle

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6
Q

Metabolism is the

A

total of all the catabolic and exergonic and anabolic endergonic reaction’s in a biological system

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7
Q

adenosine tri phosphate is defined as a molecule that allows for the transfer of energy from —- to —– reactions

A

exergonic to endergonic

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8
Q

The chemical structure of ATP molecules includes

A

Adenosine tri phosphate group and locations of high energy chemical bonds

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9
Q

The hydrolysis of ATP breaks the terminal phosphate bond and then

A

releases energy and leaves ADP and inorganic phosphate and a hydrogen ion

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10
Q

The hydrolysis of ADP breaks the

A

terminal phosphate bond releases energy and leaves AMP inorganic phosphate and a hydrogen ion

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11
Q

There are three basic energy systems that exist in muscle cells to replenish Atp what are they?

A

Phosphagen system
Glycolysis
Oxidative system

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12
Q

Atp from the phosphogen system is primarily from short term….

A

high intensity activities and it’s active at the start of All Exercise

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13
Q

creatine kinase catalyzes the synthesis of

A

ATP from creatine phosphate and ADP

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14
Q

The body does not store enough—-for Exercise

A

ATP

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15
Q

ATP stored in the body is used for

A

Basic cellular function

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16
Q

The Phosphagen system uses — —- reaction to maintain the concentration of Atp

A

Creatine kinase

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17
Q

The fastest way to replenish Atp rapidly is through the

A

Phosphagen system

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18
Q

The law of mass action identifies that

A

Concentrations of reactants or products in a solution will drive the direction of the reactions

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19
Q

The law of mass action sums up by saying

A

If you have a lot of ATP stores, the body will not make it

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20
Q

in short duration exercise the primary energy system will be

A

The phosphogen system

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21
Q

Glycolysis is used to

A

Break down carbohydrates- either glycogen stored in the blood or glucose delivered in the blood to resynthesize Atp

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22
Q

Three outputs of glycolysis include

A

ADP
ATP
NAD+ , NADH 

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23
Q

Glycolysis has an end result in the production of

A

Pyruvate

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24
Q

Pyruvate resulting from glycolysis can be converted to

A

Lactate

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25
Q

The Lactaid from pyruvate pyruvate through glycolysis can be used to resynthesize

A

atp at a faster rate

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26
Q

pyruvate from glycolosis can also be shuttled to the

A

Mitochondria

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27
Q

Pyruvate from glycolysis in the mitochondria undergoes the

A

Krebs cycle

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28
Q

in the Krebs cycle Atp resynthesize is at a slower rate but can occur

A

For longer duration for exercise intensity that is low

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29
Q

The Krebs cycle is an aerobic cycle also known as

A

Slow glycolysis

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30
Q

When pyruvate converts to lactate the process is sometimes called

A

Fast glycolysis

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31
Q

fast glycolysis has the formation of lactate from pyruvate catalyzed by the enzyme

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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32
Q

The end result of the conversion from pyruvate to lactate is not

A

Lactic acid

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33
Q

Lactate resulting from fast glycolysis from the conversion of pyruvate is not the cause of cellular

A

Fatigue

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34
Q

The probable cause of cellular fatigue from fast glycolysis is

A

hydrogen build up

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35
Q

The output of fast glycolysis is lactate Atp and

A

Water

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36
Q

Lactate can be transported in the blood to the liver where it can be converted to

A

Glucose

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37
Q

Lactates conversion to glucose in the liver is called the

A

cori cycle

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38
Q

The buildup of hydrogen ions that cause fatigue cause a drop in

A

PH

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39
Q

The Krebs cycle is also known as what type of glycolysis

A

Slow glycolysis

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40
Q

In the Krebs cycle pyruvate enters the mitochondria in his converted to

A

acetyl CoA

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41
Q

acetyl CoA can enter

A

The Krebs cycle

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42
Q

NADH molecules from the Krebs cycle enter the

A

Electron transport system

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43
Q

The electron transport system is used to resynthesize

A

Atp

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44
Q

The output of the Krebs cycle is

A

2 pyruvate
2 atp
2 NADH
2 H2O

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45
Q

The outcome of fast glycolysis is

A

2 lactate
2 Atp and water

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46
Q

The energy yielded from glycolysis from one molecule of blood glucose yields

A

2 Atp

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47
Q

The energy output from glycolysis from muscle glycogen yields a net of

A

Three ATP molecules

48
Q

glycolysis is stimulated by

A

High concentrations of ADP , Pi and ammonia
Slight decrease in pH and AMP

49
Q

Inhibition of glycolysis is marked by lower

A

PH, Atp, creatine phosphate, citrate, and free fatty acids

50
Q

Rate limiting enzymes for glycolysis include

A

Hexokinase
Phosphofructokinase
Pyruvate kinase

51
Q

When pH gets low glycolysis does not

A

work well

52
Q

When glycolysis does not work well our bodies shifts to

A

The oxidative system

53
Q

Lactate threshold is the

A

exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate levels begin to abruptly increase above the baseline concentration

54
Q

Lactate threshold is the marker of

A

The anaerobic threshold

55
Q

Lactate threshold begins at— in untrained individuals

A

50 to 60% of maximal oxygen uptake

56
Q

lactate threshold begins at —- In arobically trained individuals

A

 70 to 80%

57
Q

There is an advantage to moving the lactate threshold to the right allowing you to

A

Exercise for a longer duration and intensity

58
Q

Trained people have a better use of aerobic energy systems and lactate leading to a shift in the lactate threshold to the

A

Right

59
Q

onset of blood lactate accumulation is the

A

 Second increase in the rate of lactate accumulation

60
Q

The onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) occurs at

A

higher relative intensities of exercise

61
Q

onset of blood lactate accumulation occurs when

A

concentration of blood lactate reaches 4 millimolars per liter

62
Q

oxidative/glucose and glycogen oxidation is the primary source of—- At—-.

A

atp
At rest or low intensity activities

63
Q

The glycogen oxidation for oxidative process can use— or—as substrates

A

Carbohydrates or fats

64
Q

glucose and glycogen oxidation metabolize blood glucose and muscle glycogen which begins with —– And leads to the —-

A

glycolysis
Krebs cycle

65
Q

NADH & FADH molecules transporting hydrogen ions into the

A

Electron transport chain out of the Krebs cycle

66
Q

Out of the electron transport chain hydrogen combines with oxygen to create

A

Water

67
Q

The body can make energy through oxidative processes in three ways, what are they?

A

carbohydrates
Fats
Pro Tien

68
Q

In fat oxidation triglycerides stored in fat cells can be broken down by

A

Hormone sensitive lipase

69
Q

Inside oxidation the release of fatty acids from fat cells into the blood where they can

A

Circulate and enter muscle fibers

70
Q

Some fatty acids come from

A

Intermuscular sources

71
Q

Free fatty acids enter in the mitochondria and are

A

Broken down to form acetyl CoA and hydrogen protons

72
Q

The least significant source of energy for most activities is

A

Proteins

73
Q

In protein oxidation protein is broken down into

A

Amino acids

74
Q

The conversion of amino acids into glucose pyruvate or Krebs cycle intermediates can produce

A

Atp

75
Q

Control of the oxidative systems reside with isocitrate dehydrogenase which is stimulated by the

A

Introduction of a DP

76
Q

The control of oxidative systems coming from iso citrate dehydrogenase is inhibited by

A

ATP

77
Q

The rate of the Krebs cycle is also reduced is

A

NAD + and FAD + are not available in sufficient quantities to except hydrogen

78
Q

The electron transport chain is stimulated by

A

ADP

79
Q

The electron transport chain is inhibited by

A

Atp

80
Q

If you’re not taking an enough oxygen to combine with hydrogen the Krebs cycle will

A

Not work

81
Q

Metabolism of fat carbohydrate and protein shares

A

Common pathways

82
Q

Fats carbohydrate and protein can all be reduced to

A

Acetyl-CoA

83
Q

There is an inverse relationship between an energy system maximum rate of ATP production and

A

The total amount of ATP it is capable of producing overtime

84
Q

The extent of each energy system and its contributions to ATP production depends on

A

Intensity of muscular activity and secondarily on duration

85
Q

At any one time during exercise or rest no single energy system

A

Provides the complete supply of energy

86
Q

activity duration and energy systems table

A
87
Q

While running the Phosphagen system creatine phosphate can decrease

A

50 to 70% in the first 5 to 30 seconds of high intensity exercise

88
Q

While running the Phosphagen system high intensity exercise can cause

A

Exercise to exhaustion of Atp

89
Q

Repleading the Phosphagen system post exercise can be done by the synthesizing Atp in

A

3 to 5 minutes

90
Q

Repleading of the Phosphagen system can be done by the resynthesis of creatine phosphate which can occur within

A

Eight minutes

91
Q


Add exercise intensity above 60% of Maximo oxygen uptake muscle glycogen becomes

A

An increasingly important energy substrate

92
Q

Muscle glycogen during recovery post exercise can be done with

A

Carbohydrate ingestion

93
Q

repletion of carbohydrates after intense exercise is optimal at

A

.7 to 3.0 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight ingested every two hours following exercise

94
Q

limiting factors in the bioenergetic system table

A
95
Q

oxygen deficit is when you’re using

A

Anaerobic energy systems until you hit a steady state run

96
Q

excess post exercise oxygen consumption is defined as

A

Oxygen uptake above resting values used to restore the body to pre-exercise condition

97
Q

Low intensity steady state exercise metabolism table

A
98
Q

Low intensity steady state exercise metabolism includes a maximal oxygen uptake of

A

75%

99
Q

High intensity steady state exercise includes a maximum power output of

A

 80%

100
Q

The required VO2 for high intensity studies State Exercise includes no ability to

A

Meet oxygen demand oxygen deficit last for the duration of the exercise

101
Q

Anaerobic versus aerobic metabolism includes a switch in energy systems as duration of the exercise goes on

A
102
Q

Appropriate exercise intensity and rest intervals allows for the

A

Selection of the specific energy system during training

103
Q

The result of selecting a specific energy system during training can be

A

Effective and productive regimes for specific athletic events with various metabolic demands

104
Q

Interval training emphasizes bioenergetic adaptations for more effective

A

Energy transfer within the metabolic pathways are using predetermined intervals of exercise and rest

105
Q

Interval training to transpacific energy systems table

A
106
Q

High intensity interval training is defined as

A

Repeat bouts of high intensity exercise with intermittent recovery. Stew illicit cardio pulmonary metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations

107
Q

Cumulative duration and intensity of active portions in high intensity interval training should equal

A

Seven minutes above 90% VO2 max

108
Q

High intensity interval training works well for

A

Team sports

109
Q

Suggested work ratio for high intensity interval training is

A

Greater than 1 to 1

110
Q

When used in conjunction with other training sessions high intensity interval training can

A

Result in greater stress and risk of injury

111
Q

Combination training is

A

Counter productive in most strength and power sports

112
Q

in combination training adds

A

 Aerobic endurance training to training of anaerobic athletes in order to enhance recovery

113
Q

combination training may reduce

A

Anaerobic performance capabilities particularly high strength and high-power performance

114
Q

combination training can reduce the gain in

A

Muscle girth maximum strength speed and power related performance

115
Q

Limiting Factors Ic

A

Strength & Conditioning (5 decks)

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