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Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Bioenergetics is defined as

A

The flow of energy in a biological system
The conversion of macro nutrients to biologically usable forms of energy

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2
Q

catabolism is defined as the

A

Breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules associated with the release of energy

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3
Q

Exergonic reactions are defined as

A

 Energy releasing reactions that are generally catabolic

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4
Q

anabolism is defined as

A

The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller molecules can be accomplished using energy released from catabolic reactions

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5
Q

Endergonic reactions are those that require

A

Energy including anabolic process is a contraction of a muscle

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6
Q

Metabolism is the

A

total of all the catabolic and exergonic and anabolic endergonic reaction’s in a biological system

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7
Q

adenosine tri phosphate is defined as a molecule that allows for the transfer of energy from —- to —– reactions

A

exergonic to endergonic

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8
Q

The chemical structure of ATP molecules includes

A

Adenosine tri phosphate group and locations of high energy chemical bonds

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9
Q

The hydrolysis of ATP breaks the terminal phosphate bond and then

A

releases energy and leaves ADP and inorganic phosphate and a hydrogen ion

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10
Q

The hydrolysis of ADP breaks the

A

terminal phosphate bond releases energy and leaves AMP inorganic phosphate and a hydrogen ion

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11
Q

There are three basic energy systems that exist in muscle cells to replenish Atp what are they?

A

Phosphagen system
Glycolysis
Oxidative system

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12
Q

Atp from the phosphogen system is primarily from short term….

A

high intensity activities and it’s active at the start of All Exercise

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13
Q

creatine kinase catalyzes the synthesis of

A

ATP from creatine phosphate and ADP

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14
Q

The body does not store enough—-for Exercise

A

ATP

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15
Q

ATP stored in the body is used for

A

Basic cellular function

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16
Q

The Phosphagen system uses — —- reaction to maintain the concentration of Atp

A

Creatine kinase

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17
Q

The fastest way to replenish Atp rapidly is through the

A

Phosphagen system

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18
Q

The law of mass action identifies that

A

Concentrations of reactants or products in a solution will drive the direction of the reactions

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19
Q

The law of mass action sums up by saying

A

If you have a lot of ATP stores, the body will not make it

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20
Q

in short duration exercise the primary energy system will be

A

The phosphogen system

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21
Q

Glycolysis is used to

A

Break down carbohydrates- either glycogen stored in the blood or glucose delivered in the blood to resynthesize Atp

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22
Q

Three outputs of glycolysis include

A

ADP
ATP
NAD+ , NADH 

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23
Q

Glycolysis has an end result in the production of

A

Pyruvate

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24
Q

Pyruvate resulting from glycolysis can be converted to

A

Lactate

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25
The Lactaid from pyruvate pyruvate through glycolysis can be used to resynthesize
atp at a faster rate
26
pyruvate from glycolosis can also be shuttled to the
Mitochondria
27
Pyruvate from glycolysis in the mitochondria undergoes the
Krebs cycle
28
in the Krebs cycle Atp resynthesize is at a slower rate but can occur
For longer duration for exercise intensity that is low
29
The Krebs cycle is an aerobic cycle also known as
Slow glycolysis
30
When pyruvate converts to lactate the process is sometimes called
Fast glycolysis
31
fast glycolysis has the formation of lactate from pyruvate catalyzed by the enzyme
Lactate dehydrogenase
32
The end result of the conversion from pyruvate to lactate is not
Lactic acid
33
Lactate resulting from fast glycolysis from the conversion of pyruvate is not the cause of cellular
Fatigue
34
The probable cause of cellular fatigue from fast glycolysis is
hydrogen build up
35
The output of fast glycolysis is lactate Atp and
Water
36
Lactate can be transported in the blood to the liver where it can be converted to
Glucose
37
Lactates conversion to glucose in the liver is called the
cori cycle
38
The buildup of hydrogen ions that cause fatigue cause a drop in
PH
39
The Krebs cycle is also known as what type of glycolysis
Slow glycolysis
40
In the Krebs cycle pyruvate enters the mitochondria in his converted to
acetyl CoA
41
acetyl CoA can enter
The Krebs cycle
42
NADH molecules from the Krebs cycle enter the
Electron transport system
43
The electron transport system is used to resynthesize
Atp
44
The output of the Krebs cycle is
2 pyruvate 2 atp 2 NADH 2 H2O
45
The outcome of fast glycolysis is
2 lactate 2 Atp and water
46
The energy yielded from glycolysis from one molecule of blood glucose yields
2 Atp
47
The energy output from glycolysis from muscle glycogen yields a net of
Three ATP molecules
48
glycolysis is stimulated by
High concentrations of ADP , Pi and ammonia Slight decrease in pH and AMP
49
Inhibition of glycolysis is marked by lower
PH, Atp, creatine phosphate, citrate, and free fatty acids
50
Rate limiting enzymes for glycolysis include
Hexokinase Phosphofructokinase Pyruvate kinase
51
When pH gets low glycolysis does not
work well
52
When glycolysis does not work well our bodies shifts to
The oxidative system
53
Lactate threshold is the
exercise intensity or relative intensity at which blood lactate levels begin to abruptly increase above the baseline concentration
54
Lactate threshold is the marker of
The anaerobic threshold
55
Lactate threshold begins at--- in untrained individuals
50 to 60% of maximal oxygen uptake
56
lactate threshold begins at ---- In arobically trained individuals
 70 to 80%
57
There is an advantage to moving the lactate threshold to the right allowing you to
Exercise for a longer duration and intensity
58
Trained people have a better use of aerobic energy systems and lactate leading to a shift in the lactate threshold to the
Right
59
onset of blood lactate accumulation is the
 Second increase in the rate of lactate accumulation
60
The onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) occurs at
higher relative intensities of exercise
61
onset of blood lactate accumulation occurs when
concentration of blood lactate reaches 4 millimolars per liter
62
oxidative/glucose and glycogen oxidation is the primary source of---- At----.
atp At rest or low intensity activities
63
The glycogen oxidation for oxidative process can use--- or---as substrates
Carbohydrates or fats
64
glucose and glycogen oxidation metabolize blood glucose and muscle glycogen which begins with ----- And leads to the ----
glycolysis Krebs cycle
65
NADH & FADH molecules transporting hydrogen ions into the
Electron transport chain out of the Krebs cycle
66
Out of the electron transport chain hydrogen combines with oxygen to create
Water
67
The body can make energy through oxidative processes in three ways, what are they?
carbohydrates Fats Pro Tien
68
In fat oxidation triglycerides stored in fat cells can be broken down by
Hormone sensitive lipase
69
Inside oxidation the release of fatty acids from fat cells into the blood where they can
Circulate and enter muscle fibers
70
Some fatty acids come from
Intermuscular sources
71
Free fatty acids enter in the mitochondria and are
Broken down to form acetyl CoA and hydrogen protons
72
The least significant source of energy for most activities is
Proteins
73
In protein oxidation protein is broken down into
Amino acids
74
The conversion of amino acids into glucose pyruvate or Krebs cycle intermediates can produce
Atp
75
Control of the oxidative systems reside with isocitrate dehydrogenase which is stimulated by the
Introduction of a DP
76
The control of oxidative systems coming from iso citrate dehydrogenase is inhibited by
ATP
77
The rate of the Krebs cycle is also reduced is
NAD + and FAD + are not available in sufficient quantities to except hydrogen
78
The electron transport chain is stimulated by
ADP
79
The electron transport chain is inhibited by
Atp
80
If you're not taking an enough oxygen to combine with hydrogen the Krebs cycle will
Not work
81
Metabolism of fat carbohydrate and protein shares
Common pathways
82
Fats carbohydrate and protein can all be reduced to
Acetyl-CoA
83
There is an inverse relationship between an energy system maximum rate of ATP production and
The total amount of ATP it is capable of producing overtime
84
The extent of each energy system and its contributions to ATP production depends on
Intensity of muscular activity and secondarily on duration
85
At any one time during exercise or rest no single energy system
Provides the complete supply of energy
86
activity duration and energy systems table
87
While running the Phosphagen system creatine phosphate can decrease
50 to 70% in the first 5 to 30 seconds of high intensity exercise
88
While running the Phosphagen system high intensity exercise can cause
Exercise to exhaustion of Atp
89
Repleading the Phosphagen system post exercise can be done by the synthesizing Atp in
3 to 5 minutes
90
Repleading of the Phosphagen system can be done by the resynthesis of creatine phosphate which can occur within
Eight minutes
91
 Add exercise intensity above 60% of Maximo oxygen uptake muscle glycogen becomes
An increasingly important energy substrate
92
Muscle glycogen during recovery post exercise can be done with
Carbohydrate ingestion
93
repletion of carbohydrates after intense exercise is optimal at
.7 to 3.0 g of carbohydrate per kilogram of body weight ingested every two hours following exercise
94
limiting factors in the bioenergetic system table
95
oxygen deficit is when you're using
Anaerobic energy systems until you hit a steady state run
96
excess post exercise oxygen consumption is defined as
Oxygen uptake above resting values used to restore the body to pre-exercise condition
97
Low intensity steady state exercise metabolism table
98
Low intensity steady state exercise metabolism includes a maximal oxygen uptake of
75%
99
High intensity steady state exercise includes a maximum power output of
 80%
100
The required VO2 for high intensity studies State Exercise includes no ability to
Meet oxygen demand oxygen deficit last for the duration of the exercise
101
Anaerobic versus aerobic metabolism includes a switch in energy systems as duration of the exercise goes on
102
Appropriate exercise intensity and rest intervals allows for the
Selection of the specific energy system during training
103
The result of selecting a specific energy system during training can be
Effective and productive regimes for specific athletic events with various metabolic demands
104
Interval training emphasizes bioenergetic adaptations for more effective
Energy transfer within the metabolic pathways are using predetermined intervals of exercise and rest
105
Interval training to transpacific energy systems table
106
High intensity interval training is defined as
Repeat bouts of high intensity exercise with intermittent recovery. Stew illicit cardio pulmonary metabolic and neuromuscular adaptations
107
Cumulative duration and intensity of active portions in high intensity interval training should equal
Seven minutes above 90% VO2 max
108
High intensity interval training works well for
Team sports
109
Suggested work ratio for high intensity interval training is
Greater than 1 to 1
110
When used in conjunction with other training sessions high intensity interval training can
Result in greater stress and risk of injury
111
Combination training is
Counter productive in most strength and power sports
112
in combination training adds
 Aerobic endurance training to training of anaerobic athletes in order to enhance recovery
113
combination training may reduce
Anaerobic performance capabilities particularly high strength and high-power performance
114
combination training can reduce the gain in
Muscle girth maximum strength speed and power related performance
115
Limiting Factors Ic

Strength & Conditioning (5 decks)

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