Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the four emergent properties of water?

Answer 1

1) Cohesive behavior
2) Ability to moderate temperature
3) Expansion upon freezing
4) Versatility as a solvent

Question 2

What is surface tension?

Answer 2

A measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

Question 3

What causes surface tension?

Answer 3

Cohesion - Hydrogen bonds collectively hold water molecules together

Question 4

What is the specific heat of a substance?

Answer 4

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1g of that substance to change its temperature by 1° C

Question 5

Is the specific heat of water high or low? What does it imply?

Answer 5

High; Water resists changing its temperature

Question 6

What is the heat of vaporization?

Answer 6

The heat a liquid must absorb for 1g to be converted to gas

Question 7

How does evaporative cooling work?

Answer 7

As a liquid evaporates, it’s remaining surface cools, which helps stabilize temperatures in organisms and bodies of water

Question 8

Why does ice float on water?

Answer 8

Hydrogen bonds in ice are more “ordered”, making it less dense (expansion)

Question 9

What is molarity?

Answer 9

The number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Question 10

1 mole (mol) =

Answer 10

6.02 X 10^23

Question 11

What is an acid?

Answer 11

Any substance that increases the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 12

What is a base?

Answer 12

Any substance that reduces the H+ concentration of a solution

Question 13

What is a buffer?

Answer 13

A substance that minimizes changes in concentrations of H+ and OH-